Identity, Difference And Exclusion Flashcards
2 main approaches to identity
Essentialism
Relationalism
Explain essentialism
Common identity characteristics, assuming certain groups share common identities eg single mother stigmatisation
Explain relationalism
Identities constructed through realising similarities and differences
Scholars to support relationalism
Frank Mort 1989 - people are complex and don’t fit in one category
Bell et al- the concept of gay skinheads, two contrasting ideals
Which scholars argue that we are in a post modern society
Ulrich beck
Maffesoli
What did ulrich beck say
We are in a post modern society where individuals can construct their own personal narratives, you scan create yourself
What did maffesoli say
We are in a post modern society, when you look at social groupings they are not permanent
When did we start to learn about different identities
After WW1 when cultures were thrown together
Individuality definition
The individuality of a being or entity- Mayhew
Identity in relation to space
Identity may emerge from the production and reproduction of space - Saarinen 2004
What are the 2 forms of difference(Sibley, 1995)
Socially constructed difference eg where you grew up
Psychoanalytic difference eg how you see the world
Form of exclusion: gender. How does Cloke et al define gender
Gender is typically defined through sex at birth however in human geography it can also be used to highlight social constructions of identity. Ideas of femininity and masculinity. Trapping and the patriarchy
How have women’s identities changed over time and which scholar looked at this
Laurie et al saw how woman’s identities have changed over time and space. Socio spatial relations, time and location play a key role in when women are in and out of place
Which concept can you link exclusion to
Distinctions between self and other
Example that you can use for race exclusion
Edward Said Orientalism
Arabs treated as lesser, institutionalised racism
Keegan vs Gregory
