Identity and Ideology

Question 1

What is an ideology?

Answer 1

Set of ideas/beliefs that explain the world and your place in it.

Question 2

What are beliefs and values?

Answer 2

Beliefs; Specific ideas people hold to be true. Values; General principles.

Question 3

Who is Thomas Hobbes and what were his main ideas?

Answer 3

A philosopher that liked absolute monarchies/dictatorships. He said that human nature lives in fear, violence, and self-interest. He also said that society should be ruled by a dictator who is responsible for everyone’s security.

Question 4

Who is John Locke and what were his main ideas? What did he write about?

Answer 4

People are rational, intelligent, and reasonable. The government exists to protect one’s natural rights, if it fails to do so, the people have the responsibility to oust the government. He wrote about the social contract.

Question 5

Who is Jean Jacques Rousseau and what were his main ideas?

Answer 5

People are good and equal at birth, but corrupted by society. He believed in the general will of people.

Question 6

What is the general will?

Answer 6

Will of the people as a whole.

Question 7

What kind of a government did these 3 philosophers believe in?

Answer 7

Hobbes: Dictatorship; Locke: Representative democracy; Rousseau: Direct democracy.

Question 8

What are the factors that influence ideology?

Answer 8

Religion, language, gender, culture, media, environment, relationship to land, ideology, and spirituality.

Question 9

What is authoritarianism? What is the secret police?

Answer 9

Strict obedience to authority, which is enforced at the cost of personal freedom. These societies have secret police to maintain control.

Question 10

What are the 3 natural rights as described by Locke?

Answer 10

Life, liberty, and property.

Question 11

What is individualism?

Answer 11

Rights/freedoms of individuals > over security and harmony of the collective.

Question 12

What is collectivism?

Answer 12

Needs of collective > individual needs.

Question 13

What side of the political spectrum would radical revolutionary be?

Answer 13

Extreme left.

Question 14

What side of the political spectrum would reactionary be?

Answer 14

Extreme right.

Question 15

What side of the political spectrum would a fascist be?

Answer 15

Extreme right.

Question 16

What side of the political spectrum would a communist be?

Answer 16

Extreme left.

Question 17

What side of the political spectrum would a democratic socialist be?

Answer 17

Middle of the left.

Question 18

What side of the political spectrum would a modern liberal be?

Answer 18

Middle of the spectrum.

Question 19

What side of the political spectrum would a classical liberal be?

Answer 19

Middle of the right.

Question 20

What is liberatarianism?

Answer 20

Maximize individual freedoms.

Question 21

What is the difference between economics and politics?

Answer 21

Economics; deals with allocation of resources. Politics; Deals with power.

Question 22

On the economic spectrum, what side would laissez-faire be on?

Answer 22

Right.

Question 23

On the economic spectrum, what side would a centrally planned economy be on?

Answer 23

Left.

Question 24

On the economic spectrum, what side would welfare capitalism be on?

Answer 24

Middle.

Question 25

Who wrote Leviathan and what was it based upon?

Answer 25

Thomas Hobbes and it was on justifying why it was necessary to have an absolute monarchy.

Question 26

What leads to extremism?

Answer 26

Things go bad → People turn towards dictators/anarchy as it's a fast solution.

Question 27

What are the themes of ideology?

Answer 27

Nation, religion, class, gender, and relationship to land/environment.

Question 28

Themes of ideology: What is nation?

Answer 28

Country or group that is organized as a collective. They most likely have common culture, history, language, etc.

Question 29

Themes of ideology: What is religion?

Answer 29

Values/beliefs that pertain to ethics/morality.

Question 30

Themes of ideology: What is class? What is it based upon?

Answer 30

The way society is structured. It is based on occupations and money people have.

Question 31

Themes of ideology: What is relationship to land/environment?

Answer 31

How we live/interact with the environment.

Question 32

Themes of ideology: What is gender?

Answer 32

Cultural perceptions → traditional views are shifting.

Question 33

What was Thomas Hobbes' social contract?

Answer 33

No right to rebel for security.

Question 34

What was Rousseau's social contract?

Answer 34

Authority should be from general will of people.

Question 35

What was Locke's social contract?

Answer 35

Natural state of freedom sacrificed for life, liberty, and property.

Question 36

What is anarchism and which philosopher's ideology does it line up with?

Answer 36

No government control as it is unnecessary. Similar to Rousseau's line of thinking because he believed people are inherently good.

Question 37

What is Utopia/Dystopia?

Answer 37

Perfect world; flawed world.

Question 38

What is progressivism?

Answer 38

Moderate social/political reform through gov't intervention.

Question 39

What is liberalism?

Answer 39

Freedom of individual/favors decentralized power.

Question 40

What is an example of individual/collective interest?

Answer 40

Individual; scoring a goal. Collective; winning the game.

Question 41

What does the acronym PRICES stand for and what system's key ideas is it defining?

Answer 41

``` Individualism: Private property Rule of Law Individual rights/freedoms Competition Economic freedom Self-interest ```

Question 42

What does the acronym PEA CCC stand for and what system's key ideas is it defining?

Answer 42

``` Collectivism: Public property Economic equality Adherence to social norms Co-operation Collective interest Collective responsibility ```

Question 43

What is censorship?

Answer 43

Restricting shared information.

Question 44

What is totalitarianism?

Answer 44

Government that is centralized and dictatorial.

Question 45

How are some ways that the government intervenes in economy?

Answer 45

Creating subsidies, taxing the public, tariffs, etc.

Question 46

What is free trade?

Answer 46

Nations trade with each other without tariffs or taxes.

Question 47

What is progressive taxation?

Answer 47

More money you make → more taxes you pay.

Question 48

What is nationalization/privatization?

Answer 48

Nationalization: Government buys private property; Privatization: Government sells its property.

Question 49

Who was Tommy Douglas?

Answer 49

Created first universal Medicare program in Canada, created a law prohibiting discrimination, etc.

Question 50

Who was Milton Friendman?

Answer 50

He mainly advocated for free-market economics.

Question 51

Who was Ovide Mercredi?

Answer 51

Advocates for non-violent methods for change.

Question 52

What is the rule of law?

Answer 52

No one is above the law, including the government.

Question 53

What is classical liberalism?

Answer 53

Free market, center to right political ideology.

Question 54

What is modern liberalism?

Answer 54

Middle of the political spectrum.