Identifys Flashcards
Ferdinand Magellen
wanted to find El Paso (a water route from the Atlantic to the Pacific in South America). Was the first officially to circumnavigate the globe. The Portuguese king made fun of his foot, so he went to Spain instead. He sailed to the Spice Islands and was killed in a war in the Philippines. Magellan gave Spain possession of the Philippine Islands.
95 Thesis
posted by Martin Luther, a Catholic monk, on the door to a Church in Wittenberg on Oct 31, 1517. It gave a list of things about Catholicism that Martin Luther disagreed with. Ex: it denounced the selling of indulgences. Symbolized the start of the Protestant Revolution?
Enrique
the actual first person to circumnavigate the globe. Sailed with Magellan as a servant.
Charles V
Holy Roman Emperor at 20. Grandson of Queen Isabel of Spain, and was King of Spain at 16. Called Luther to the Diet of Worms and debated him. Called Luther a heretic and condemned him. Passed Edict of Worms. Said Rhodes was “The door to Christendom.” Tried to help at Rhodes, but couldn’t get a truce with the French King Francis I in time (in Italian Wars). Pope Clement VII thought Charles was going to fail, so he signed a secret treaty with France. Charles was bitter. When Francis was captured, he forced Francis to give up Burgundy, Milan, and others. Francis signed the Treaty of Madrid, only to break it as soon as he was released (leaving his two sons hostages). The Pope signed an Alliance vs. Charles, so he thought the Pope was declaring war on him and supported the Colonna. The Colonna invade Rome, forcing the Pope to flee, and attack and loot St. Peter’s. Holds the Pope captive, then repents and release him.
HRE Mission
defend Rome from the heretic within and the Infidel without. (He did fulfill it.) He sponsored Magellan and Hernan Cortes to go to the New World. Aunt: Margaret of Austria (made Governor of Burgandy).
Cortes
Spanish Conquistador. Defeated the Aztecs and stopped human sacrifices. Significance of Charles sponsoring Magellan and Cortes: Shows Charles was a man of vision and an excellent judge of character.
Pope Adrian V
Charles V’s former tutor
Charles de Bourbon
French landowner and noble. Had a secret alliance with Charles V. Had to flee and join Charles. Led invasion into France (fighting over Milan). He fails and has to stay in Pavia.
Battle of Pavia
Bourbon has an army of 20,000. He attacks and Francis is captured.
Sack of Rome
Pope Clement is in Rome. Charles V had an underfed, underpaid army of 50, 000 in Italy under Bourbon. 22,000 were stationed near Rome (mostly German Lutherans). They sack Rome. Bourbon wanted 300,000 ducats, which the Pope couldn’t pay. Roman Commander Renzo de Ceri sends away help; Pope excommunicates Bourbon. The army sacks Rome for over a week, and Bourbon is killed.
Catherine of Aragon
Queen Isabel of Spain’s youngest daughter. Betrothed to King Henry VII’s eldest son Arthur. Arthur passes away only 6 months after marriage. Henry VII was going to marry her, but then decided Henry VIII should instead. When Henry dumped her, she still remained faithful.
Thomas Wolsey
Cardinal and Chancellor. Good politician, but worldly clergyman. Tried to help Henry with the annulment. Fired for not being able to get an annulment.
Anne Boleyn
lady of the court who had come back from France. She was Henry VIII’s wife. Has a daughter, Elizabeth. Dies when she has more miscarriages and no heirs. Executed for “adultery”.
Thomas More
Chancellor after Wolsey is fired. Terms: he’ll have nothing to do with the annulment. Doesn’t talk to Richard Rich, but is still executed anyway.
Thomas Cranmer
new ABoC (arch-bishop of Canterbury) after William Warham. Pro-Lutheran. Approved by Pope Clement VII. Declared the H/C marriage invalid, and the H/A marriage valid. Excommunicated. Dominates Regency Council for Ed IV. Goal: put England into schism. Put under house arrest under Queen Mary, and then he wrote vs. the mass, and was put in the tower of London. He was excommunicated, deposed as AB, and executed.
What are the two oaths made by Cranmer
Cranmer makes an oath to the Pope, then immediately makes a second one rejecting it.
Thomas Cromwell
Wolsey’s secretary. Planned for Henry to be Head of the Church in England. He seized Church lands and appointed his son ABoC. Seized monasteries and kicked out religious. Arranges Henry’s marriage to Anna of Cleves, who was unattractive. Henry blamed Cromwell, and so when enemies came forth telling Henry that Cromwell was cheating in taking Church lands, Cromwell was executed.
Thomas Cromwell’s two goals for Henry VIII
Get Henry’s annulment and make him the richest King in England
John Fisher
wouldn’t address Henry as “Supreme Head of the Church and Clergy in England” unless he added “so far as the law of Christ allows”. Tricked by Richard Rich into saying that Henry couldn’t be Head, so he was executed.
Reformation Parliment
with Cromwell, passed the “Supplication against the Ordinaries”- list of grievances against the bishops. Passed law: cut off bishop’s fees and prohibited papal appointments of bishops.
Submission of Clergy
Convocation agreed to all laws of the King. Put clergy into schism. Thomas More resigned as Chancellor the next day.
Act of Succession
passed by Parliament. Confirms annulment, declares Anne’s children legit heirs, and death penalty for any opposers.
