Identify Strong & Weak acids and bases

Question 1

Arrhenius Acid definition

Answer 1

• classifies susbtance in terms of behavior in water
• substance with H in its formula that produces H+ ions when dissolved in H2O (water)

Question 2

Arrhenius base definition

Answer 2

• classifies substance in terms of behavior in water
• substance with OH in formula that produces OH- ions when dissolved in H2O (water); OH- is hydroxide

Question 3

Hydrochloric acid

Answer 3

strong acid, HCl

Question 4

Hydrobromic acid

Answer 4

strong acid, HBr

Question 5

Hydriodic acid

Answer 5

strong acid, HI

Question 6

nitric acid

Answer 6

strong acid, HNO_3

Question 7

sulfuric acid

Answer 7

strong acid, H_2SO_4

Question 8

perchloric acid

Answer 8

strong acid, HClO_4

Question 9

oxoacids

Answer 9

nitric acid (HNO_3)
sulfuric acid(H_2SO_4)
perchloric acid(HClO_4)

Question 10

Name 3 weak acids

Answer 10

hydrofluoric acid, HF

phosphoric acid, H_3PO_4

acetic acid, CH_3COOH (HC_2H_3O_2)

Question 11

sodium hydroxide

Answer 11

strong base, NaOH

Question 12

potassium hydroxide

Answer 12

strong base, KOH

Question 13

calcium hydroxide

Answer 13

strong base, Ca(OH)_2

Question 14

strontium hydroxide

Answer 14

strong base, Sr(OH)_2

Question 15

barium hydroxide

Answer 15

Ba(OH)_2

Question 16

Name a weak base

Answer 16

aqueous ammonia, NH_3

Question 17

Describe the actions of acids and bases as electrolytes

Answer 17

• strong acids and strong bases dissociate completely into ions in a aqueous solution; they are strong electrolytes and conduct well in a solution
• weak acids and weak bases dissociate very little in ions in aqueous solution; they are weak electrolytes and conduct poorly in solution

Question 18

Structural features of strong acids

Answer 18

• hydrohalic acids -> HCl, HBr, HI
• oxoacids in which the numebr of Oxygen atoms exceeds the number of ionizable protons by two or more

example: HNO_3 -> 3 oxygen -1 hydrogen = 2

example: H_2SO_4 -> 4 - 2 =2

Question 19

structural features of weak acids

Answer 19

• singular hydrohalic HF
• H is not bonded to oxygen or a halogen
• oxoacids in which number of oxygen atoms equals or exceeds number of ionizable protons by one

example: HClO -> 1-1=O (oxygen - hydrogen)

• carboxylic acids, have general formula of RCOOH

Question 20

structural features of strong bases

Answer 20

• water soluble compounds containing OH- ions
• cations usually most active metals:
• MOH, M is group 1A metal (Li, Na)
• M(OH)_2, M is group 2A metal (Ca, Sr, Ba)

Question 21

Bronsted-Lowry acid

Answer 21

donates protons in a proton transfer reaction; an acid is a proton donor, while a base is a proton acceptor