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General Chemistry Quiz and Exam 3 > Identify Strong & Weak acids and bases > Flashcards

Identify Strong & Weak acids and bases Flashcards

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1
Q

Arrhenius Acid definition

A
  • classifies susbtance in terms of behavior in water
  • substance with H in its formula that produces H+ ions when dissolved in H2O (water)
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2
Q

Arrhenius base definition

A
  • classifies substance in terms of behavior in water
  • substance with OH in formula that produces OH- ions when dissolved in H2O (water); OH- is hydroxide
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3
Q

Hydrochloric acid

A

strong acid, HCl

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4
Q

Hydrobromic acid

A

strong acid, HBr

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5
Q

Hydriodic acid

A

strong acid, HI

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6
Q

nitric acid

A

strong acid, HNO_3

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7
Q

sulfuric acid

A

strong acid, H_2SO_4

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8
Q

perchloric acid

A

strong acid, HClO_4

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9
Q

oxoacids

A

nitric acid (HNO_3)
sulfuric acid(H_2SO_4)
perchloric acid(HClO_4)

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10
Q

Name 3 weak acids

A

hydrofluoric acid, HF

phosphoric acid, H_3PO_4

acetic acid, CH_3COOH (HC_2H_3O_2)

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11
Q

sodium hydroxide

A

strong base, NaOH

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12
Q

potassium hydroxide

A

strong base, KOH

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13
Q

calcium hydroxide

A

strong base, Ca(OH)_2

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14
Q

strontium hydroxide

A

strong base, Sr(OH)_2

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15
Q

barium hydroxide

A

Ba(OH)_2

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16
Q

Name a weak base

A

aqueous ammonia, NH_3

17
Q

Describe the actions of acids and bases as electrolytes

A
  • strong acids and strong bases dissociate completely into ions in a aqueous solution; they are strong electrolytes and conduct well in a solution
  • weak acids and weak bases dissociate very little in ions in aqueous solution; they are weak electrolytes and conduct poorly in solution
18
Q

Structural features of strong acids

A
  • hydrohalic acids -> HCl, HBr, HI
  • oxoacids in which the numebr of Oxygen atoms exceeds the number of ionizable protons by two or more

example: HNO_3 -> 3 oxygen -1 hydrogen = 2

example: H_2SO_4 -> 4 - 2 =2

19
Q

structural features of weak acids

A
  • singular hydrohalic HF
  • H is not bonded to oxygen or a halogen
  • oxoacids in which number of oxygen atoms equals or exceeds number of ionizable protons by one

example: HClO -> 1-1=O (oxygen - hydrogen)

  • carboxylic acids, have general formula of RCOOH
20
Q

structural features of strong bases

A
  • water soluble compounds containing OH- ions
  • cations usually most active metals:
  • MOH, M is group 1A metal (Li, Na)
  • M(OH)_2, M is group 2A metal (Ca, Sr, Ba)
21
Q

Bronsted-Lowry acid

A

donates protons in a proton transfer reaction; an acid is a proton donor, while a base is a proton acceptor

General Chemistry Quiz and Exam 3 (3 decks)

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