Identifications Flashcards
1
Q
Clovis
A
- (late 400s)
- Adopted Christianity (gave him backing of bishops in Gaul)
- Attempted to solidify control over a unified Christian kingdom (had powerful allies)
- After his death, kingdom split into 3 (Austrasia east, Neustria west, Burgundy South)
- First frankish dynasty, succeeded in unifying a bunch of smaller tribes in western Europe
- Defeated many neighboring Germanic states
2
Q
Black Death
A
- East Africa/Burma
- Reached Mediterranean through rats on a merchant ship in 1300s
- First outbreak recorded at Nile Delta
- Recurring cycles of the plague appeared every decade or two until 1700
- Prevented population from recovering
- 1/3 to 1/2 of Europe’s population died due to the plague
3
Q
Zara Yakob
A
- Best ruler in the Solomonids dynasty
- Absolute monarch in the 1400s
- Reformed laws and societal rules
- Sought to create a centralized society around him and his group, his law was the only law
- Lots of important literary works were published under him, helped people live their lives to the fullest under the christian faith
- Persecuted non-Christians’
4
Q
Charlemagne
A
- Initiated a new church state relationship
- (late 700s)
- Represented the first full synthesis of Roman, Germanic, and Christian elements, making a unified Christian Empire
- Led the largest empire since the collapse of the Roman Empire
- Conquered the saxons and converted them to christianity
- Also conquered Lombards, Bavaria, and muslim Spain
- Ruled from France to Croatia, all the way north and south of europe
- Started the Carolingian Renaissance
- Was the first emperor to get crowned by the pope, all other emperors after him had to have this done
5
Q
Heloise
A
- (1100s)
- Hired Abelard as her tutor, and gave birth to his son Astrolabe
- Declined Abelard’s hand in marriage, citing ancient roman, greek, and christian writings
- The letters they shared are studied even today regarding both of their ideologies and philosophies
6
Q
Peter Abelard
A
- (1100s)
- Medieval french philosopher, poet, composar, musician, and scholar
- Gave many speeches to large crowds regarding many different topics, was widely regarded a one of the smartest people of his time
- Tutor and future husband of Heloise
7
Q
Urban II
A
- (late 1000s)
- 1095, appeared in Clermont and gave a great speech to a large crowd, this speech marked the beginning of the crusades as he had called upon the first crusade
- This speech was given in order to rally the christians together to fight off the muslims and take back Jerusalem
- Speech was asked to be given by the byzantine emperor to christians, as he wanted to retake christian holy land
8
Q
Crusades
A
- (1100-1300)
- 8 in total, the first one , however, being the only successful one
- 100,000 men and 1 goose ran through eastern Europe and western Asia on a quest to eventually capture Jerusalem
- After conquering jerusalem from the muslims, the next 7 crusades would be used to defend jerusalem from muslim attacks
- Three kings in third crusade, Philip Augustus of France, Richard Lionheart of England, and Frederick Barbarossa of the Holy Roman Empire
- Created states inside former islamic territory including Jerusalem, Antioch, Edessa, and Tripoli
- Crusades ended when those cities fell, began massacring Jews in Germany for being “Enemies against Jesus”
9
Q
Aksum
A
- (1st to 12th century)
- Modern day ethiopia
- Great location for trade with southern asia and mediterranean
- trustworthy currency, their coins became one of the standard currencies for international trade, boosting their economy greatly
- Christian kingdom surrounded by Muslim territories, however they were inclusive of all religions
- Conflict with Persia, teamed up with Byzantine (another christian empire)
10
Q
Innocent III
A
- Pope in early 1200s in Italy
- Involved in law and politics, expanding the pope’s authority and reforming the Roman Curia (group that helped the pope), creating a doctrine of their powers that would be used by many popes in the future
- Called upon the fourth crusade
- Combated acts of betrayal to Christianity in Italy and southern France
11
Q
Gupta Dynasty
A
- (300s-500s)
- Following Ashoka, India was divided into many regions that were vastly different from one another
- Last great native dynasty to rule over India
- Unified all of these smaller regions under one ruler
- Many important scholars as well, who created new medicine, the c-section, creating the concept of 0 in math, and producing great works of literature in religious ethics
- Buddhist empire that created many monasteries with brand new styles of architecture (built into caves)
12
Q
Agricultural Revolution of 1000
A
- (1000 to 1300)
- Temperatures rose and it rained less, providing ideal farming conditions in western Europe
- Invented the steel plow, which was very efficient and durable and operated by first oxs then horses because they were faster
- Transitioned from a 2 field system to a 3 field system, allowing more food to cycle through for a growing population
13
Q
Gregorian Reform
A
- (late 1000s)
- Led by Pope Gregory VII
- Reformed problems of Selling the role of bishops to people, priests being married, and kings appointing bishops
- Was unfavored by King Henry IV, so he invaded europe and kicked Pope Gregory VII out of Italy
14
Q
Bodhisattava
A
- 6th century
- Someone who is able to reach nirvana, but delays doing so in order to help others reach it
- Someone who has made a resolution to become a Buddha, needs a confirmation from a living Buddha
- Any Buddhist who has the compassion to help all sentient life
15
Q
House of Wisdom
A
- (800s)
Grand library of Baghdad in the Abbasid Empire - Giant library in the Abbasid Empire
- Destroyed in the siege of Baghdad
- Lots of older Greek and Syriac texts were translated to Arabic so many could read them, including the Quran
- Center of learning and research
16
Q
Lalibela
A
- (1185-1225)
- Greatest emperor of Zagwe empire
- Jesus came to him and told him to build a new jerusalem in Aksum, called Lalibela
- Sent local lords to administer rule, creating dependency where peasants serve these higher-ups
- Created socio-economic stability
- The city was the chief political and religious site in Africa for christianity for hundreds of years
- Built a series of Rock churches with byzantine influenced architecture
- Made Aksum’s official religion into christianity, and spread christianity throughout the empire by missionaries
17
Q
Carolingian Renaissance
A
- (800s)
- Great Cultural and religious explosion in the frankish kingdom under Charlemagne
- Recovery of Ancient books, old christian and roman books
- Cicero, Suetonius, Tacitus, Donatus among the authors of books recovered and translated from latin to Frankish
- Important books on history, law, religion, biographies, and poetry embedded with precious metals
18
Q
Abbasid Dynasty
A
- Overthrew the umayyad caliphate in 750
- Destroyed by Mongol invasion in 1250s
- 3rd of 4 great muslim caliphates
- Built by Abbas ibn Abd al Muttalib (uncle of Muhammad)
19
Q
Avicenna
A
- (Early 1000s)
- Ancient Islamic philosopher, physician, astronomer, and writer
- Memorized the Quran by age 10
- Used Aristotle’s way of organizing to create a medical encyclopedia, which was used as a standard medical text to teach many people during medieval times
20
Q
Mahmud of Ghazni
A
- Founder of the Seljuk Turkic empire
- (970-1030)
- Conquered land from western to southern Asia
- Adopted Islam and spread it throughout his empire, but was very much inspired by Persia and their laws, government, architecture, and culture
- He made Ghanzi, the capital of his empire, which evolved into a cultural center of the islamic world
21
Q
Vikings
A
- Came from the North (Norse means north)
- Motivated by land and treasure
- Sailed from Scandinavia into England and Western Frankish territory (shallow draft long ships)
