Identification of Infectious Disease Processes Flashcards
What is another name for crusted scabies?
Norwegian scabies
Guidelines for transporting specimens include:
1) Transport within 2 hours of collecting specimen. 2) Transport in leakproof specimen containers and sealable leakproof bags.
What does a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) indicate?
Past exposure to TB
What is the optimal time to collect a sputum specimen for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) testing to rule out TB?
First thing in the morning
What is the best way for IP and Laboratory to collaborate in reducing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)?
Microbiology’s prompt notification to IP of any organism’s unusual resistance pattern
The primary immune response after exposure to a communicable disease pathogen or vaccine is production of:
Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
When are IgM antibodies to Hepatitis A virus (HAV) detectable in the blood?
5 to 10 days after exposure
The incubation period for pertussis in immunocompetent persons is usually:
7 to 10 days
A patient who was hospitalized for 2 days calls 3 days after discharge complaining that he has developed healthcare-associated scabies due to his recent inpatient stay. The IP knows that his scabies infestation is not healthcare-associated because:
The incubation period for scabies is longer than 5 days
A nurse is concerned that a patient in the neurology ward has a prion disease after receiving a lab report stating that the patient had a positive nucleic acid test for John Cunningham virus (JCV) in the CSF. What is the best response to give to this nurse?
The test is positive for JCV (a polyomavirus), which is not a prion disease.
What are the first and second elements of in virulence?
1) The ability of an organism to survive in the external environment during transit between hosts. 2) A mechanism for transmission to a new host
The management of an infected surgical site includes the following foundational principles:
1) Open and drain the incision. 2) Debride fibrous debris and necrotic soft tissue. 3. Implement antimicrobial management as needed. 4) Manage the open wound.
If an employee’s TST result read as 10 mm induration and their last TST was negative, the initial result indicates:
A positive test
A microbe that can grow in the absence of oxygen but is also able to utilize oxygen for growth is a/an:
Facultative anaerobe
Western blot testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is used to detect:
HIV antibodies in a serum sample
If CSF is cloudy and has an elevated white blood cell count and elevated protein concentration, what type of meningitis is suspected?
Bacterial meningitis
T/F: Viral shedding for influenza starts 48 to 72 hours after infection and typically 48 hours before the onset of symptoms
False
T/F: Influenza B strains have not been associated with large epidemics
False
Which factor is commonly associated with Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs)?
Prophylactic antibiotics or antibiotic to treat a primary bacterial infection
What are risk factors for colonization and infection with multidrug-resistant pathogens?
1) Antimicrobial therapy in preceding 90 days. 2) Current hospitalization of 5 days or more. 3) Immunosuppressive state or therapy.
What are the current community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) national quality measures used in the United States?
1) Antibiotic timing (within 6 hours of arrival). 2) Antibiotic selection. 3) Blood cultures performed in the ED before antibiotics were administered.
What are the measures that can be practiced for prevention of aspiration?
1) Oropharyngeal cleaning and decontamination with an aseptic agent (CHG). 2) Orotracheal intubation, unless contraindicated, rather than nasotracheal intubation.
What are descriptions of patients with immunocompromised status?
1) HIV with CD4 count <200. 2) Leukemia or lymphoma. 3) Neutropenia (absolute neutrophils count <500/mm3)
How long does the paroxysmal stage of pertussis usually last?
1 to 6 weeks
