IDENTIFICATION Flashcards
A natural aggregate of one or more solid minerals which can be mined, or from which one or more mineral products can be extracted, at a profit
ORE
What is revenues minus costs?
PROFITS
This is the trial operation of the individual components to integrate them into an operating system
and ensure their readiness for startup.
COMMISSIONING
A stage in production phase which commences at the moment that feed is delivered to the plant
with the express intention of transforming it into product and normally ends when the quantity and quality of the product is sustainable at the desired level.
STARTUP
A stage of study in planning phase that provides a definitive technical, environmental and commercial base for an investment decision.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
In reclamation, what do you call the process when the final landform is achieved, the surface shall
be stabilized by plants or other means as soon as practical to reduce further soil erosion from wind or water, provide forage and cover, and reduce visual impacts?
REVEGETATION
This refers to expenditures and expenses directly incurred in all activities preparatory to and in the
actual extraction of the ore from the earth and transporting it to the mill plant for mineral processing.
DIRECT MINING COSTS
This refers to the document issued by DENR Secretary or RED certifying that the proposed project or undertaking will not cause a significant negative environmental impact; that the proponent has
complied with all the requirements of the EIA System.
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE
CERTIFICATE
This means searching or prospecting for mineral resources by geological, geochemical, geophysical surveys, drilling and others for the purpose of determining their existence, extent, quality and quantity and the feasibility of mining them for profit.
EXPLORATION
In planning phase of mine design process, at what stage is when the development period and overall schedule is estimated, and the mine life is determined but not yet known?
PRE-FEASIBILITY STAGE
In planning phase of mine design process, at what stage is detailed analysis and determinations of
ore reserve including dilution and losses fall under?
FEASIBILITY STAGE
True or False: The infrastructure requirements for mining projects are not site specific.
False, it is site specific.
True or False: The capital cost for infrastructure can vary substantially from site to site as a percentage of the total capital cost and are often more of a function of the location rather than the mining or processing methods.
True
What refers to the people living at the barangay/s outside the mine camp, where the mining project
is located?
Host Community
What refers to a designated place where the mine wastes are accumulated or collected?
WASTE DUMP
This refers to the facility developed even before at the start of the operation for the purpose of
getting initial entry to the prospected site of mineralization.
ACCESS ROADS
A principle in PMRC which requires that the Public Report be based on work that is the responsibility of suitably qualified and experienced persons who are subject to an enforceable professional code of ethics.
COMPETENCE
What do you call the linear estimation method that develops optimal weights to be applied to each sample in the vicinity of the block being estimated. It uses both the position of the samples with
respect to the block and the continuity of mineralization in different directions as portrayed by selected variogram models.
KRIGING
This is the economically mineable part of an Indicated, and in some circumstances, a Measured
Mineral Resource.
PROBABLE MINERAL RESERVE
This is the value used to convert the volume of an ore to its equivalent weight expressed as the
density (short ton per cubic feet or metric ton per cubic meter) or specific gravity of the substance.
TONNAGE FACTOR
These are the considerations used to convert Mineral Resources to Mineral Reserves. These
include, but are not restricted to, mining, processing, metallurgical, infrastructure, economic,
marketing, legal, environmental, social, and governmental factors.
MODIFYING FACTORS
The sequence of unit operations used to accomplish mine development or exploitation that is repeated over and over to produce the mineral commodity is called?
CYCLE OF OPERATIONS
A factor that affects the selection of equipment that is related to machine productivity and
include cycle speed, available breakout force, digging range, bucket capacity, travel speed, and
reliability.
PERFORMANCE FACTORS
A factor that affects the selection of equipment that is related to the service and maintenance aspects of machine operation.
SUPPORT FACTORS
An open pit loading equipment that has an excellent mobility, very versatile, low capital cost and
can operate on moderate grades. However, it is unsuitable for hard and dense rocks, high tire and
operating costs and has a short lifetime.
FRONT-END LOADER
The first is the time needed for the truck to maneuver into position for loading and second one is the time required for the loading machine to make the number of passes required to load the truck.
SPOT TIME AND LOAD TIME
The method is based on area of influence. The area of influence is determined by constructing polygonal blocks around each hole that extends half the distance between two holes. The average grade and thickness of the hole inside the polygon is assigned to the entire polygon in order to provide a volume for the reserve estimate. The volume is computed by multiplying the area of polygons with thickness. Volume is multiplied with specific gravity to get tonnage. Summation of all polygon will get tonnage and metal content of total deposit.
It is used for tabular and large lenses ore bodies.
Polygon Method of Reserve Estimation
A design and financial/economic study of an existing operation in which appropriate assessments have been made of existing geological, mining, metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social, governmental, engineering, operational, and all other Modifying Factors, which are considered in sufficient detail (to Pre-Feasibility level) to demonstrate that continued extraction is reasonably justified.
Life-of-Mine Plan
Combines the notion of proximity with that of gradual change of the trend surface. It relies on the assumption that the value at an unsampled location is a distance-weighted average of the values from surrounding data points, within a specified window. The points closest to the prediction location are assumed to have greater influence on the predicted value than those further away, such that the weight attached to each point is an inverse function of its distance from the target location.
Inverse Distance Weighting
A concentration or occurrence of material of intrinsic economic interest in or on the Earth’s crust in such form, quality and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, geological characteristics and continuity of a Mineral Resource are known, estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence, sampling and knowledge. Mineral Resources are subdivided, in order of increasing geological confidence, into Inferred, Indicated and Measured categories.
Mineral Resource
the economically mineable part of a Measured and/or Indicated Mineral Resource. It includes diluting materials and allowances for losses, which may occur when the material is mined. Appropriate assessments to a minimum of a pre- feasibility study have been carried out, and include consideration of, and modification by, realistically assumed mining, metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social and governmental factors. In the case of integrated mining operations, the pre-feasibility study will have determined an ore treatment plan that is technically and commercially viable and from which the mineral recovery factors are estimated. These assessments demonstrate at the time of reporting that extraction could reasonably be justified. Ore Reserves are sub-divided in order of increasing confidence into Probable Ore Reserves, and Proved Ore Reserves.
Mineral Reserve
The lowest grade, or quality, of mineralized material that qualifies as economically mineable
and available in a given mineral deposit. May be defined on the basis of economic evaluation, or on
physical or chemical attributes that define an acceptable product.
Cut-off grade
Any physical or chemical measurement of the characteristics of the material of interest in samples or product. The units of measurement should be
stated when figures are reported.
Grade
Physical and/or chemical separation of constituents of interest from a larger mass of material. Methods
employed to prepare a final marketable product
from material as mined. Examples include screening, flotation, magnetic separation, leaching,
washing, roasting, gravity concentration, smelting
and refining, etc.
Metallurgy
Any single mineral or combination of minerals occurring in a mass, or mineral deposit, of economic interest. The term is intended to cover all forms in which mineralization might occur, whether by class of mineral deposit, mode of occurrence, genesis or composition.
Mineralization
All activities related to extraction of metals, minerals, and gemstones from the earth whether surface or underground, and by any method (e.g., quarries, open cast, open cut, solution mining, dredging etc.).
Mining
Represents the highest confidence category of Mineral Reserve estimate.
Proved
The percentage of material of initial interest that is extracted during mining and/or processing. A measure of mining or processing efficiency.
Recovery
An expression of the amount of material of interest irrespective of the units of measurement (which
should be stated when figures are reported).
Tonnage
A financial or other benefit that is given but is later taken back under defined circumstances.
Clawback rights
This include dividing the ultimate pit into pushbacks.
a. Medium term schedule
b. Long-term schedule
c. Short-term schedule
d. Feasibility Study
b. Long-term schedule
Given the tonnage factor and the volume, provide the formula to calculate for tonnage.
Volume X Tonnage Factor.
It is the grade at which the costs associated with mining and processing just equal the revenues.
a. Mine cut-off grade
b. Mill cut-off grade
c. Marginal Cut-off grade
d. None of the above
D. None of the above (break-even grade)
Based on Taylor’s content of a feasibility report, which of the following is not part of the metallurgical design?
a. Flowsheets and calculation of quantities flowing through the mill
b. Access, transport, power, water, fuel and communication
c. Specification of recovery and the product grade
d. General siting and lay-out of plan.
b. Access, transport, power, water, fuel and communication
Which of the following is not part of the Intermediate Valuation Report in pre-feasibility stage according to Taylor in 1977?
a. Technical Concept
b. Taxes and Financing
c. Operating Cost Estimate
d. Metallurgical Design
d. Metallurgical Design
PMRC stands for ___________________.
Philippine Mineral Reporting Code
This is the unavoidable extraction of barren or below cut-off grade material along with the ore.
Dilution.
In planning phase, this results to feasibility report.
Feasibility Study.
In planning phase, this results to an intermediate valuation report.
Preliminary or Pre-feasibility study.
In planning phase, this results to preliminary valuation.
Conceptual Study.
Ledge that forms a single level of operation above which mineral or waste materials are mined from the bench face.
BENCH
Vertical distance between the highest point on the bench (crest) and the lowest point of the bench (toe). It is influenced by size of the equipment, mining selectivity, government regulations and safety.
BENCH HEIGHT
Horizontal angle of the line connecting bench toe to the bench crest.
BENCH SLOPE OR BANK ANGLE
Horizontal shelf or ledge within the ultimate pit wall slope left to enhance the stability of a slope within the pit and improve the safety.
BERM
The angle measured from the bottom bench toe to the top bench crest. It is the angle at which the wall of an open pit stands and it is determined by: rock strength, geologic structures and water conditions.
OVERALL PIT SLOPE ANGLE
During the life of the pit a haul road must be maintained for access.
HAUL ROADS
Haul road is arranged spirally along the perimeter walls of the pit.
HAUL ROAD - SPIRAL SYSTEM
Zigzag pattern on one side of the pit.
HAUL ROAD – SWITCH BACK SYSTEM
Function of capacity of the road and the size of the equipment.
HAUL ROAD WIDTH
Maximum slope of the broken material.
ANGLE OF REPOSE
Depth of waste removed to reach initial ore.
SUBCROP OR ORE DEPTH
Stripping done to reach initial ore.
PRE-PRODUCTION STRIPPING
Vertical and lateral extend of the economically mineable pit boundary. Determined on the basis of cost of removing overburden or waste material vs. the mineable value of the ore.
ULTIMATE PIT LIMITS
Material may be mined from the pit either in 1) sequential pushbacks 2) conventional pushbacks.
PIT SCHEDULING
Expressed in tons of waste to tons of ore in hard rock open pit operations. Critical and important parameter in pit design and scheduling. It refers to the ratio of the volume of overburden (or waste material) required to be removed to the volume of ore recovered.
STRIPPING RATIO
Total waste divided by total ore within the ultimate pit.
AVERAGE STRIP RATIO
Costs of mining a ton of ore and associated waste equals to net revenue from the ton of ore.
CUTOFF STRIPPING RATIO
Berm interval, berm width and berm slope angle are determined by the _______________________.
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
The overall pit slope angle is affected by the width and grade of the ______________.
HAUL ROAD
What must be considered in the overall pit design?
HAUL ROAD WIDTH
