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MRB 122 Remote Sensing & GIS > Identification > Flashcards

Identification Flashcards

1
Q

a set of things working together as part of a mechanism or an interconnecting network

A

System

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2
Q

an integrated set of components for collecting, storing, and processing data and for providing
information, knowledge, and digital products.

A

Information System

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3
Q

a system (usually computer system) designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data

A

Geographic Information System

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4
Q

“Knowing where things are and why,
is essential to rational decision making.”

A

Jack Dangermond

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5
Q

the vehicle which carries a sensor. i.e. satellite,
aircraft, balloon, UAV, boat, etc…

A

Platform

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6
Q

device that receives electromagnetic radiation
and converts it into a signal that can be recorded and displayed as either numerical data or an image

A

Sensors

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7
Q

Types of Remote Sensing

A

Passive and Active Remote Sensing

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8
Q

the remote sensing of energy naturally reflected or radiated from the terrain.

A

Passive Remote Sensing

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9
Q

the remote sensing methods that provide their own source of electromagnetic radiation to illuminate the terrain. Example on this are RaDAR and LiDAR

A

Active Remote Sensing

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10
Q

Types of Satellite
Satellites can be classified by their orbit characteristics

A

Low Earth Orbits/Satellites
Sun-synchronous Orbits/Satellites
Geostationary Orbits/Satellites

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11
Q

Some satellites capable to acquire stereo pair images that can be achieved when two images of the same area are acquired on different days from different orbits, one taken East of the other (i.e., East or West of the nadir).

A

Stereo Pair Remote Sensing Data Collection

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12
Q

normally used in spy satellite (Military purposes)

A

Low Earth Orbits/Satellites

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13
Q

a polar orbit where the satellite always crosses the Equator at the same local solar time. Most of the earth resources satellites are sun-synchronous orbit.

A

Sun-synchronous Orbits/Satellites

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14
Q

Example of Sun-synchronous orbits/satellites

A
  • Landsat TM/ETM
  • SPOT
  • ALOS
  • IKONOS
  • QuickBird
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15
Q

are satellites at very high altitudes, which view the same portion of the Earth’s surface at all times. Especially used in metrological applications.

A

Geostationary Orbits/Satellites

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16
Q

Three main components that defines the GIS

A

Computer System
Geographic data
Methods for data management and analysis

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17
Q

When did the history of GIS all started?

A

1854 in city of London, England

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18
Q

He began mapping outbreak locations, roads, property boundaries and water lines.
Also called the Cholera Map

A

Dr. John Snow

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19
Q

in what year is the GIS Dark Ages wherein maps were simple and no computer yet and one option was sieve mapping which uses transparent layers on lighted table to identify areas of overlap

A

year 1950s

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20
Q

In what year is the GIS Pioneering stage

A

year 1960 to 1975

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21
Q

On this stage, pieces in GIS were coming together with advancements in technology:

A

GIS Pioneering stage, year 1960 to 1975

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22
Q

Stage of GIS where they had their place in vehicle routing, new development planning, and locating points of interest

A

The GIS Dark Ages, before 1960

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23
Q

He is the father of GIS

A

Roger Tomlinson

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24
Q

Stage of GIS where the development of Canadian Geographic System (CGIS) occur

A

GIS Pioneering, year 1960 to 1975

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25
Q

Were early adopters of some of the core principles of GIS

A

US Census Bureau

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26
Q

Led to the digital input of the 1970 Census using the data format GBF-DIME (Geographic Base File – Dual Independent Map Encoding).

A

Pioneering work by the US Census Bureau

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27
Q

They started their routine topographic map development.

A

The Ordinance Survey in the UK

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28
Q

Stage of GIS where the government realization on the advantages of digital mapping influenced the work of the Harvard Laboratory Computer Graphics.

A

GIS Software Commercialization

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29
Q

Name of the publication of Roger Tomlinson

A

A Geographic Information System for Regional Plannning

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30
Q

It was in this period in the history of
GIS when it really took off since all
the ingredients were ready for the
infiltration of GIS to the people:

A

User Proliferation, year 1990 to 2010

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31
Q

Stage of GIS where computer processors are now in gigahertz, graphics cards are crisper
than they’ve ever been before.

A

The Open Source Explosion, year 2010 Onward

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32
Q

When did the GISci originated?

A

early years of 4th stage of GIS development

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33
Q

He presented the Geographic Information Science (GISci)

A

Michael F. Goodchild of the University of California

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34
Q

the scientific discipline that studies data structures and computational
techniques to capture, represent, process, and analyse geographic information.

A

Geographic Information Science (GISci)

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35
Q

It is the systematic studies on the use of geographic information.

A

Geographic Information Studies (GISt)

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36
Q

Emphasis on technology and tools for
geographic information.

A

Geographic Information System (GIS)

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37
Q

5 Basic Components of GIS

A

Software
Hardware
Methods
People
Data

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38
Q

Types of GIS Data (Feature) Storage

A

Vector Data
Raster Data

39
Q

data storage method uses shapes to
represent features. There are
three basic features shape

A

Vector

40
Q

Three basic features shape of Vector Data

A

Points
Lines (arcs)
Polygons

41
Q

data storage method is used to represent continuous data. This data can occur at every
location on the earth and does not have distinct
boundaries or well-defined shapes.

A

Raster

42
Q

Example of Raster Data

A

Precipitation
Ground Cover
Temperature

43
Q

feature’s shape is defined by its location
coordinates which may be in latitude and longitude or another system of measurement

A

Vector

44
Q

One set of coordinates defines a
______ feature.

A

Point

45
Q

Two or more sets of coordinates
that are connected define a ________
feature.

A

Line

46
Q

Multiple sets of coordinates that
are connected and closed define
a ________feature

A

Polygon

47
Q

use matrices of square cells (grids, pixels)
of same size to store data.

A

Raster

48
Q

tables of data describing spatial features

A

Attribute tables

49
Q

Basic GIS Function

A

Capture
Store
Query
Analyze
Display
Output

50
Q

are psychological tools that we all
use every day

A

Mental Maps

51
Q

Five types of Geographic questions

A

Location
Distribution
Association
Interaction
Change

52
Q

Is a concept that distinguishes geography from other fields and it is a central to a GIS.
Simply a position on the surface of the earth, but what more is that nearly everything can have a geographic location.

A

Location

53
Q

Location can be described in:

A

Nominal Term
Relative Term
Absolute Term

54
Q

locations are simply defined and described by name

A

Nominal Term

55
Q

refers to defining and describing places in relation to other known locations

A

Relative Term

56
Q

locations that use some type of reference system to define positions on the earth’s surface

A

Absolute Term

57
Q

refers to the position of something relative to something else usually along a line

A

Direction

58
Q

One of the most common benchmarks used to
determine direction is ourselves, which is called
_________ direction. “to my left,” “behind me,” or “next to me” are examples of egocentric direction

A

Egocentric

59
Q

Three more standard benchmarks that are used to define the Directions

A

True North
Magnetic North
Grid North

60
Q

refers to the point on the surface of the earth where the earth’s magnetic fields converge

A

Magnetic North

61
Q

simply refers to the northward direction that the grid lines of latitude and longitude on a map, called a graticule, point to.

A

Grid North

62
Q

based on the point at which the axis of the earth’s rotation intersects the earth’s surface.

A

True North

63
Q

refers to degree or amount of separation between locations and can be measured in nominal or absolute terms with various units

A

Distance

64
Q

between locations can be expressed as “large” or “small,” or we can describe two or more locations as “near” or “far apart.

A

Nominal distance

65
Q

Measured or Calculated using a standard metric

A

Absolute distance

66
Q

Is a more abstract concept than distance that it is more commonly described rather than measured. For example, space can be described as “empty,” “public,” or “private.”

A

Space

67
Q

A destination-oriented travel are generally referred to as _________, which was being illustrated in transportation maps previously presented how people move through the environments where they live, work, and play.

A

Navigation

68
Q

Three types of geographic knowledge

A

Landmark knowledge
Route knowledge
Survey knowledge

69
Q

refers to our ability to locate and identify unique points, patterns, or features (e.g., landmarks) in space.

A

Landmark knowledge

70
Q

permits us to connect and travel between landmarks by moving through space.

A

Route knowledge

71
Q

enables us to understand where landmarks are in relation to each other and to take shortcuts.

A

Shortcut knowledge

72
Q

Landmark, route, and survey knowledge are the cornerstones of having a sense of direction and
frame our geographical learning and awareness.

A

Navigation

73
Q

the formal study of maps and mapping

A

cartography

74
Q

This is the family of maps that are used to locate features on the surface of the earth.

A

Reference Map

75
Q

This is the family of maps that are about a
particular topic or theme

A

Thematic Map

76
Q

Maps which are changeable or interactive representations of the earth and its resident phenomena.

A

Dynamic Maps

77
Q

the three-dimensional coordinate system commonly used to define
locations on the earth’s
surface

A

Geographic Coordinate System

78
Q

Unit of measure in the GCS (Geographic Coordinate System) is ________

A

Degrees

79
Q

is measured relative to the
equator at zero degrees, with max.
of either 90 degrees north at the
North Pole or 90 degrees south
at the South Pole.

A

Latitude

80
Q

is measured relative to the prime meridian (Greenwich) at 0 degrees, with maxima of 180
degrees west or 180 degrees east.

A

Longitude

81
Q

is a coordinate system,
and a set of reference points,
used to locate places on the
Earth (or similar objects)

A

Geodetic Datum

82
Q

Three surfaces used for map projections

A

Plane
Cone
Cylinder

83
Q

Map projections that accurately represent distances

A

equidistant projections

84
Q

are used for navigational purposes due to the importance of maintaining a bearing or heading when traveling great distances.

A

Conformal

85
Q

equivalent projections, preserve the quality of area.

A

Equal area

86
Q

Map projections that accurately represent distances are referred to as _______

A

equidistant projections

87
Q

used for navigational purposes due to the importance of maintaining a bearing or heading when traveling great distances.

A

Conformal map projections

88
Q

preserve the quality of area

A

Equal area or equivalent area

89
Q

The process by which real world phenomena or
object are explicitly, consistently and precisely
defined and described or expressed as features on a map

A

Map Abstraction

90
Q

are well defined and are easy to locate,
measure, and count, and their
edges or boundaries are readily
defined

A

Discrete features

91
Q

are less well defined and exist across space

A

Continuous features

92
Q

used to identify particular geographic features, like cities, bodies of water, or other points of interest.

A

Annotation

93
Q

provides users information about the how geographic information is represented graphically

A

Map legend

94
Q

refers to the process of resolving conflicts associated with too much detail, too many features, or too much information to map.

A

Map generalization

MRB 122 Remote Sensing & GIS (1 decks)

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