Ideas Flashcards
(35 cards)
Claimed the death of God would eventually lead to the loss of any universal perspective on things and any coherent sense of objective truth. Known for the saying “God is dead.”
Friedrich Nietzsche
Founder of Analytical Psychology?
Carl Jung
Established the discipline “Psychoanalysis”?
Sigmund Freud
In his doctrine of transcendental idealism, ____ argued that space and time are mere “forms of intuition” which structure all experience, and therefore that while “things-in-themselves” exist and contribute to experience, they are nonetheless distinct from the objects of experience.
Immanuel Kant
American essayist, lecturer, philosopher, abolitionist, and poet who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Asserted the use of logic as a method of argument and offered the basic methodological template for analytical discourse.
Aristotle
Espoused the understanding that knowledge is built from the study of things that happen in the world, and that some knowledge is universal — a prevailing set of ideas throughout Western Civilization thereafter.
Aristotle
Defined metaphysics as “the knowledge of immaterial being,” and used this framework to examine the relationship between substance (a combination of matter and form) and essence, from which he devises that man is comprised from a unity of the two.
Aristotle
Discards belief in all things that are not absolutely certain, emphasizing the understanding of that which can be known for sure.
Rene Descartes
A French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist, born in France but spent 20 years of his life in the Dutch Republic.
Rene Descartes
Was a mentor and friend to fellow influential transcendentalist Henry David Thoureau.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
A Scottish-born historian, economist, and philosopher. Often grouped with thinkers such as John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and Sir Francis Bacon as part of a movement called British Empiricism.
David Hume
Was focused on creating a “naturalistic science of man” that delves into the psychological conditions defining human nature. In contrast to rationalists such as Descartes, he was preoccupied with the way that passions (as opposed to reason) govern human behavior. This, he argued, predisposed human beings to knowledge founded not on the existence of certain absolutes but on personal experience
David Hume
Argued against moral absolutes, instead positing that our ethical behavior and treatment of others is compelled by emotion, sentiment, and internal passions, that we are inclined to positive behaviors by their likely desirable outcomes.
David Hume
Defined the “Categorical imperative,” the idea that there are intrinsically good and moral ideas to which we all have a duty, and that rational individuals will inherently find reason in adhering to moral obligation.
Immanuel Kant
Argued that humanity can achieve a perpetual peace through universal democracy and international cooperation.
Immanuel Kant
The living embodiment of the philosophy known as Taoism and author of its primary text, the Tao Te Ching.
Lao-Tzu
Urged individuals to achieve a state of wu wei, freedom from desire, an early staple tenet of Buddhist tradition thereafter.
Lao-Tzu
Disputed conventional wisdom as inherently biased, and urged followers of the Tao to find natural balance between the body, senses, and desires.
Lao-Tzu
An English physicist and philosopher, was a prominent thinker during the Enlightenment period and part of the movement of British Empiricism.
John Locke
His philosophy is said to have figured prominently into the formulation of the Declaration of Independence that initiated America’s war for independence from the British.
John Locke
Coined the term tabula rasa (blank slate) to denote that the human mind is born unformed, and that ideas and rules are only enforced through experience thereafter.
John Locke
Established the method of introspection, focusing on one’s own emotions and behaviors in search of a better understanding of the self.
John Locke
Famously asserted that while it would be best to be both loved and feared, the two rarely coincide, and thus, greater security is found in the latter.
Niccolo Machiavelli
