IDEALs Flashcards by Rebz Harnden

What is Pennebaker’s theory? stress

Actively inhibiting thoughts and feelings about traumatic events requires effort and is an extra stress - we should transform upsetting experiences into stories that are shared

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What is Kolb’s learning cycle? (about reflection)

Concrete experience –> reflective observation of experience –> abstract conceptualisation to learn from the experience –> active experimentation to try what you have learned

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What is Gibbs reflective cycle? 1998

Description –> feelings –> evaluation –> analysis –> conclusion –> action plan

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What is the acronym SMART for goals?

Specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, time bound

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What are the features of a team?

Leadership 
commitment
common goal
clarity
trust and respect
institutional support
identify and remove barriers

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What are some negatives of teams?

lack of leadership
lack of commitment
conflicting goals
lack of clarity
poor comms
absence of respect and trust
limited resources

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What is Tuckman’s teamworking theory?

4 stages of leadership, with increasing effectiveness: Forming, storming, norming, performing

dependent on leader - leader mediates and focuses - leader facilitates - leader delegates and oversees

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What is De bono’s team working theory?

6 hats

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De bono blue hat

process - organising and thinking, planning for action

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De bono white hat

facts

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De bono red hat

feelings - gut instincts, can change, little reasoning

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De bono green hat

creativity - ideas, solutions, possibilities

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De bono yellow hat

benefits - positives, plus points, logical reasons

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De bono black hat

caution - weaknesses, risks, logical reasons

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What is system 1 thinking?

fast, automatic, frequent, emotional, stereotypic, subconscious, effortless

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What is system 2 thinking?

Slow, effortful, infrequent, logical, calculating, deliberate, cautious

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What is the SARA model for reactions to unexpected feedback?

Shock
Anger
Resistance
Acceptance

What are the 4 features of good feedback?

Non-evaluative
supportive
timely
specific

What are the 4 focuses of feedback?

Task
Process
Self-regulated (how to could be learned)
Person (self)

What is the stop, start, continue technique for feedback

Ask them to start reflecting on what they did well, what they should stop doing, what they should continue

What are 4 reasons for error?

Operator error (active)
System faults (latent)
Catalysts (happenstance)
Loss of awareness

What is the swiss chest model?

Explains how faults in different layers of the system can lead to accidents/mistakes. e.g. if equipment is faulty, human action can prevent a mistake, but if both are faulty = mistake.

What are latent failures?

Mistakes in the system - faulty equipment, lack of staff training etc

What are active errors?

Person errors - lapse in judgement, mistake

When was the NHS established as part of the welfare state?

1948

How many health care related deaths are preventable ?

70%

What are the 3 responses to stress?

Primary control coping - attempts to modify stressful problem secondary control coping - attempts to adapt via way that we think disengagement coping - attempts to redirect attention away from stressor (Denial)

What are some ways of emotion focused coping?

``` Distraction Wishful thinking self control of feelings seeking meaning about life reducing self blame expressing/sharing feelings ```

What is a driver?

Characteristic way of behaving which are usually strengths, but under stress may become weaknesses

What are the 5 drivers?

``` Be strong Be perfect Try Hard Hurry Up Please Others ```

What is attribution theory?

In the case of failure, the next step in learning depends on what you attribute your success or failure to (internal or external?)

What is explicit bias?

bias that you are aware of and have some control over

What is implicit bias?

Unaware of it, expressed indirectly and operates subconsciously e.g. sitting further away from latinos than white people

What are implicit attitudes?

you subconsciously think e.g. that boys are better at maths, so you pick more boys for the maths team

What are implicit stereotypes?

e.g. associating with men being better at surgery

What is the APPLE approach to resilience?

``` Acknowledge Pause Pull back Let go Explore ```

What is system resilience?

Organisational strategies and mechanisms that can be put in place to reduce stress and better patient care - improving peoples resources, and reducing sources of stress (prevention)

What are the stages of the adverse event iceberg?

``` Serious errors (tip) errors that could cause harm errors considered insignificant near misses Unnoticed errors ```

What type of learning is behaviourism?

Classical and operant conditioning outcomes based, shaped through reinforcement concept of giving feedback originates from here

What is cognitivist learning?

Explains how knowledge is organised and stored, how memory functions, provides foundation for PBL students encouraged to develop skills to learn better

What is humanist learning?

Learning is about self-actualisation and on going personal development, and the educator should facilitate this self-directed learning is a key component

What is social learning theory/social constructivism?

learning occurs through interaction with peers, and full paricipation in a group setting allows students to pool together and achieve better than the individual would