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IDEALS, RESS, C2C > IDEALS > Flashcards

IDEALS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three strands of professionalism?

A

Behaving responsibly.
Self-awareness.
Demeanour, moral values and motivation.

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2
Q

Describe the theory of planned behaviour:

A

Attitude toward behaviour, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control.
All influence behavioural intention.
Intention influences behaviour.

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3
Q

What is advocacy?

A

Speaking up for someone else, typically with little power.

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4
Q

Differentiate between direct and public policy advocacy.

A

Interests of patients are represented to decision makers.
VS
Seeks to change the system for general benefit.

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5
Q

What does good record keeping enable? (3).

A

High standards of care.
Resource monitoring.
Legal action.

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6
Q

What does information governance entail? (5).

A 
Secure and confidential holding.
Fair obtainment.
Accurate recording.
Effective and ethical usage.
Appropriate and lawful sharing.
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7
Q

What are the 6 confidentiality Caldicott guidelines?

A 
Justify usage.
Only use when absolutely necessary.
Use the minimum.
Need to know access.
Understand responsibility.
Comply with law.
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8
Q

Differentiate between a group and a team

A

G: independent, poor communication, lack commitment, sole responsibility
T: collaborate, good communication, invested participation, team support, shared commitment, responsible shared.

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9
Q

What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? (5).

A 
Physiological needs.
Safety.
Belonging.
Self esteem.
Self actualisation.
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10
Q

What are the stages of Tuckmans theory of teams? (4).

A

Forming: polite.
Storming: familiar, less tolerant.
Norming/performing: accepting differences, productive.
Mourning/adjourning.

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11
Q 
Describe Belbin's team roles:
Shaper. 
Implementer.
Completer finisher.
Co-ordinator.
Team worker.
Resource investigator.
Plant.
Monitor-evaluator.
Specialist.
A

Shaper: Challenges to improve.
Implementer: Ideas into action.
Completer finisher: Ensures timely completion.
Co-ordinator: Acts as chairperson.
Team worker: Encourages cooperation.
Resource investigator: Explore opportunities.
Plant: Presents new ideas and approaches.
Monitor-evaluator: Analyses options.
Specialist: Provides specialist skills.

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12
Q

What are the colours and roles of De Bono’s hats? (6).

A 
White: factual.
Blue: thinking about thinking.
Black: logical negative.
Red: feelings.
Green: creativity.
Yellow: logical positive.
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13
Q

Differentiate between management and leadership.

A

M: doing things right - admin, system focussed, rely on control.
L: doing the right things - vision, values, focus on people, trust, change.

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14
Q

How have leadership theories developed over time? (5).

A 
Trait theory - born
Style theory - made
Situational theory - made
Transformational theory - both
Emerging models - both, servant leadership.
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15
Q

What is the contingency theory of leadership?

A

Flexible - can demonstrate different qualities.
Importance of EI.
Leaders respond to followers.

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16
Q

What is transactional leadership?

A

Rewards high performance, manages by exception (intervenes if standards not met), maintains status quo, avoids decisions.

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17
Q

What is transformational leadership?

A

Charismatic, inspirational, intellectually stimulates, individualised consideration, engages.

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18
Q

What are the nine dimensions of the healthcare leadership model?

A 
Leading with care.
Sharing the vision.
Evaluating information.
Connecting our service.
Engaging the team.
Influencing for results.
Inspiring shared purpose.
Holding to account.
Developing capability.
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19
Q

Name 7 HCAIs.

A 
Catheter related urinary infection.
Hospital acquired Pneumonia.
MRSA.
C difficile.
Glycopeptide resistant enterococci.
Cannula site cellulitis.
Norovirus.
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20
Q

What % of in patient episodes are affected by HCAI’s?

A

9%

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21
Q

What does C difficile cause? (4).

A

Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea.
Pseudomembranous colitis.
Toxic megacolon.
Death.

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22
Q

2 methods of root cause analysis.

A

5 why’s.

Fishbone analysis.

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23
Q

What is the sight pneumonic?

A 
Suspect a case.
Isolate patient.
Gloves and aprons.
Hand hygiene.
Test for toxin.
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24
Q

When are the 5 moments for hand hygiene at point of care?

A 
Before patient contact.
Before aseptic task.
After bodily fluid exposure risk.
After patient contact.
After contact with patient surroundings.
25
Q

What does source isolation involve? (6).

A 
Separate room.
Door is closed.
HH and apron on before entry.
HH and apron off before exit.
HH again after you close the door.
Single use items.
26
Q

What are the stages of PACE graded assertiveness?

A

Probe.
Alert.
Challenge.
Emergency.

27
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of quality?

A

Product.
Service.
Environment.

28
Q

What are SMART aims?

A 
Specific.
Measurable.
Attainable.
Realistic/Relevant.
Time limited.
29
Q

What is the PDSA cycle?

A

Plan.
Do.
Study.
Act.

30
Q

What are outcome, process and balance measures?

A

O: achieving an endpoint.
P: measure of throughput.
B: checking change hasn’t cause a new problem.

31
Q

What is special cause variation?

A

Variation beyond the upper and lower control limit (+/- 3 s.d. from the mean). Something has caused the change.

32
Q

What styles of leadership are there? (7).

A 
Situational.
Empathy.
Transformation.
Power cohesive.
Normative.
Transactional.
Shared/distribute.
33
Q

What is the Kotter model for leadership and organisational change? (6).

A 
Creating urgency.
Guiding coalition.
Vision and strategy.
Communicate.
Short term wins.
Consolidate and anchor within organisation.
34
Q

What are the different types of people in change management? (5).

A 
Innovators.
Early adopters.
Early majority.
Late majority.
Laggards.
35
Q

What is incident reporting?

A

Collecting and analysing information about any events that could have or did harm anyone in the organisation.

36
Q

What types of incidents should be reported? (4).

A

Clinical incidents.
Patient incidents (non treatment related).
Security incidents.
Information governance incidents.

37
Q

Differentiate between hazard and risk.

A

Hazard: things that could cause harm.
Risk: likelihood that an incident would occur + seriousness of consequences.

38
Q

What is a near miss?

A

Harm event that didn’t happen due to discovery (and action) or by chance.

39
Q

What is the 4-step process to manage clinical risks?

A

Identify risks.
Assess frequency and severity.
Reduce/eliminate risk.
Determine costs.

40
Q

What does a series incident result in? (3).

A

Unexpected or avoidable death of patients/ staff/ visitors/ public.
Serious harm where outcome requires life saving intervention or results in permanent harm/ shortens life expectancy.
Scenario that prevents or threatens to prevent delivery of services.

41
Q

What is SBARR?

A 
Situation.
Background.
Assessment.
Recommendations.
Review/Response.
42
Q

What are never events? (8).

A 
Wrong surgery.
Retained surgical instrument.
Wrong route chemo.
Misplaced NG tube.
Bed rail entrapment.
ABO incompatibility.
Maternal death from PPH after elective caesarean.
Maladministration of K+ solutions.
43
Q

What is the crude mortality rate?

A

Number of deaths divided by number of admissions in a specified time interval.

44
Q

What are the problems with crude mortality rate?

What is it used for?

A

Inter-organisation variation due to case mix.

Longitudinal changes in one provider.

45
Q

What is the Hospital Standardised Mortality Ratio based on?

A

Subset of diagnoses responsible for 80% of in-hospital deaths.
Based on routinely collected clinical data: hospital episodes statistics, user service data, commissioning datasets.

46
Q

What does the Hospital Standardised Mortality Ratio take account of?

A

Age, sex, postcode estimated deprivation, ethnicity, diagnosis, admission method, previous admissions, month of admission, palliative care provision, co-morbities.

47
Q

What causes variation in the Hospital Standardised Mortality Ratio? (3).

A

Standard of care.
Coding.
Community provision.

48
Q

What is the Hospital Standardised Mortality Ratio used for?

A

Compare in-hospital deaths between providers and over time.

49
Q

What should be checked in instances of raised Hospital Standardised Mortality Ratio? (5).

A 
Coding.
Case mix.
Structure.
Process.
Individuals/teams.
50
Q

What is the Summary Hospital Mortality Indicator?

A

All admissions to secondary care, based against last 3yrs national data, deaths at 30 days in or out of secondary care.

51
Q

What is the Summary Hospital Mortality Indicator standardised for?

A

Primary diagnosis, admission type, co-morbidites, age and sex.
Excludes bias of community care access for dying.

52
Q

What is the problem with the Summary Hospital Mortality Indicator?

A

Only uses English deaths, so hospitals near Welsh/Scottish border may have lower values.

53
Q

What is the national average HSMR?

A

100

54
Q

What is the national average SHMI?

A

1

55
Q

What are the key points for professional use of social media? (2).

A

It blurs public and professional lives so adopt conservative privacy settings.
Shouldn’t accept friend requests from current or former patients.

56
Q

Which three conditions need to be met to have good situational awareness?

A

Perception.
Comprehension.
Projection.

57
Q

Name 5 human factors that can lead to patient safety incidents through communication errors:

A 
Multiple patient handovers.
Hierarchy.
Cultures that discourage challenge.
Stress responses.
People feel they can't speak up.
58
Q

What are the five steps in a safety briefing? (6).

A 
Define objective.
Identify major steps.
Check critical equipment.
Ask "what it?".
Check understanding.
Plan the debrief.
59
Q

Which medications are classified as high risk? (8).

A 
Anticoagulants.
Antibiotics.
Injectable sedatives.
Chemotherapy.
Opiates.
Antipsychotics.
Insulin.
Infusion fluid.

IDEALS, RESS, C2C (2 decks)

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