Ideal gas law by parts

Question 1

What is a gas and what property allows it to have a very ‘loose’ structure?

Answer 1

A gas is a state of matter. It has very weak intermolecular forces between particles, causing gases to have no fixed shape and no fixed volume

Question 2

What properties/assumptions can you make on an ideal gas?

Answer 2

• There is no force of attraction between gas particles since the particles are very far apart in a gas (unless at a very high pressure)
• Collisions between gas particles or between the particles are perfectly elastic. There is NO ENERGY LOST when a gas particle collides with one another
• The average kinetic energy of gas particles depends on the TEMPERATURE (increase in temp = increase in KE)
• The volume of the gas particles are very small, there’s basically no volume

Question 3

What is the formula for Kinetic energy?

Answer 3

KE = 1/2 x Mass x v^2

Kinetic Energy = 1/2 x Mass x Velocity Squared

Question 4

What is pressure and what is the formula for pressure?

Answer 4

Pressure is the force exerted per unit area.

Pressure = Force / Area

P = F/A

Question 5

What affects pressure?

Answer 5

• The higher the temperature, the higher the kinetic energy and therefore a higher chance of collision. More collisions ultimately mean higher pressure
• The number of particles. The higher the number of particles, the more frequent the collisions there are between them. Thus, an increase in collisions means an increase in pressure as more force exerted onto the ‘walls’
• The volume of the container. The SMALLER THE VOLUME, the more frequent the collisions will be. More collisions mean more force built up on the walls and therefore increasing the pressure

Question 6

What is a pascal equivalent to?
What about a kilopascal?

Answer 6

A pascal is equivalent to 1 nanometer squared

A kilopascal is 1000 nm (nanometers)^2

Question 7

What is the relationship between celsius and kelvin?

Answer 7

0 kelvins = -273.15 Celsius

Question 8

What is Dalton’s law?

Answer 8

Dalton’s Law states the total gas pressure by a mixture of gases within a container, is equivalent to the sum of the pressures that would be exerted by each gas alone in the same volume.

Question 9

What is Gay-Lussac’s Law?

Answer 9

Gay states that:

At constant volume, the pressure of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to its temperature.

P/T = K

WHERE

Pressure / Temperature = K, which is a constant for pressure

P1/T1 = P2/T2

Question 10

What is Boyle’s Law?

Answer 10

Brooklyn’s Boyle states that at a constant temperature, the volume of a given amount of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.

PV = K

where Pressure x Volume = K, where ‘K’ is a constant

P1V1 = K = P2V2

Question 11

What is Charle’s Law?

Answer 11

At constant pressure, the volume of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to its temperature.

V1/T1 = V2/T2

V/T = K

where K is a constant

Also, when temperature increase, the volume must increase too if the pressure remains the same

Question 12

What is the Combined Gas Law?

Answer 12

The Combined Gas Law is an ideal Gas Law that combines Charles, Gays and Boyles Laws together

where

K = PV/T

P1V1/T = P2V2/T2

Question 13

What is Avagadro’s Law?

Answer 13

At constant temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all ideal gases contain equal numbers of moles when measured

Question 14

Molar volume of gas

Answer 14

One mole of every gas occupies the same volume at the same temperature