Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step > ID - Unit 3 > Flashcards

ID - Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

how is coccidioides transmitted?

A

inhalation of spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bug

Geography

Transmission

Symptoms

Treatment

A

leishmaniasis amastigotes in macrophages in spleen

Middle East

sand fly

black fever, pancytopenia, HSM

stibogluconate, Ampho B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bug

Geography

Transmission

Symptoms

Treatment

A

trypanosoma cruzii (trypanosome in blood)

S/Central America

Reduviid bug / kissing bug

Romana’s sign (early sign, periorbital edema, usually unilateral), later signs = megacolon, megaesophagus, dilated cardiomyopathy

BENZnidazole, niFURtimax (cruisin’ in my BENZ in my FUR coat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bug

Geography

Transmission

Symptoms

Treatment

A

entamoeba histolytica (cysts with up to 4 nuclei, ingested RBCs)

developing countries, men who have sex with men

fecal-oral (ingest eggs in contaminated water)

often asymptomatic, may have colonic ulcerations, flask-shaped lesions in colon, bloody diarrhea, liver cysts (usually R lobe, anchovy paste)

metronidazole, paramycin, iodoquinol (luminal agent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bug

Geography

Transmission

Symptoms

Treatment

A

trichomonas vaginalis (motile trophozoite on wet mount)

STI (NO CYST FORM!!)

vaginitis/cervicitis STRAWBERRY CERVIX, yellow/green discharge

metronidazole (must treat partner as well)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bug

Geography

Transmission

Symptoms

Treatment

A

Giardia lambia

North America, camping

fecal-oral ingestion of eggs in contaminated water

steatorrhea, flatulence

metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bug

Geography

Transmission

Symptoms

Treatment

A

cryptosporidium (acid-fast stain)

Immunocompromised

fecal-oral, contaminated water

small intestine watery diarrhea, self-limiting except in I/C is severe

nitazoxamide, spiromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bug

Geography

Transmission

Symptoms

Treatment

A

toxoplamsa gondii (crescent-shaped trophozoites, no kinetoplast or flagella)

cat feces, uncooked meat

congenital: deafness, intracranial calcifications, chorioretinitis

HIV: encephalopathy (ring-enhancing lesions), nd brain biopsy to differentiate from primary CNS lymphoma)

sulfadiazine + pyramethazine

prophylaxis if CD4 <100 with TMP-SMX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bug

Geography

Transmission

Symptoms

Treatment

A

cyclospora (acid-fast oocysts like cryptosporidium but 2X BIGGER)

Central America, Peru

fecal-oral, contaminated produce

in patients with achlorhydria, “flu-like” symptoms (lethargy, muscle aches), severe GI –> chronic loss of appetite, nausea, loose stools

TMP-SMX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bug

A

p. vivax (only young RBCs infected)

stippling (Schuffner’s dots)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bug

A

p. falciparum (no merozoites in RBCs = schizonts seen in circulation, clogged in capillaries in periph)

multiple ring forms / RBC = greater infectivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bug

Geography

Transmission

Symptoms

Treatment

A

schistosoma japonicum (egg with small spine)

Japan

snails

ascites, anemia, abd pain, HSM, eggs in stool

praziquantel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bug

Geography

Transmission

Symptoms

Treatment

A

schistosoma haemotobium (terminal spine)

Egypt

snails

hematuria, may cause bladder cancer, eggs in urine

praziquantel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bug

Geography

Transmission

Symptoms

Treatment

A

wuchereria bancrofti (microfilaria in peripheral blood)

culex mosquito

elephantiasis

diethylcarbamazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bug

Geography

Transmission

Symptoms

Treatment

A

trichinella (cyst w/ worm on muscle biopsy)

larvae ingested from raw pork / bear meat

BILATERAL periorbital swelling (contrast w/ unilateral for Chagas/trypanosoma cruzii), muscle pain

benzimidazoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bug

Geography

Transmission

Symptoms

Treatment

A

enterobius vermicularis (albuminous egg) / pinworm

US very common

eggs ingested

perianal itching

mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bug

Geography

Transmission

Symptoms

Treatment

A

ascaris lumbricoides (cysts in stool)

eggs ingested, fecal-oral, LUNG PHASE (also strongyloides, hookworm)

GI, obstruction

benzimidazoles, ivermectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bug

Geography

Transmission

Symptoms

Treatment

A

strongyloides

larvae entry skin (through feet), LUNG PHASE (also ascaris, hookworm)

GI (severe in I/C, COPD, corticosteroids), purulent sputum, AUTOINFECTION

ivermectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bug

Geography

Transmission

Symptoms

Treatment

A

taenia solium (eggs with thick shells w/ radial striations, can’t diff from saginata based on eggs, look at scolex, solium has hooks saginata no hooks)

central america

uncooked pork, ingestion of EGGS

SEIZURES

albendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

does histoplasma “hide” in macrophages?

A

YUP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what fungus might be likely to infect cavities in the lungs (like, say, ones created from previous TB infection)?

A

aspergillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

soap bubble lesions

A

cryptococcus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what fungal infection is associated with DKA?

A

mucormycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

why can’t ampho B be used for pneumocystic pneumonia?

A

BECAUSE PNEUMOCYSTIS HAS NO ERGOSTEROL WOAH!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what’s that random treatment unique to sporothrix?

A

KI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

why is trypanosoma brucei such a bitch?

A

antigenic variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

why do you have to check for G6PD deficiency before giving someone anti-malarial drugs?

A

because they cause acute hemolysis you asshole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

which trypanosoma brucei is worse?

A

rhodesiense (E) is worse than gambiense (W) because it has an animal reservoir and therefore can get more fucked up or something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

does trichomonas have a cyst form?

A

NOPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

which nematodes have a lung phase?

A

ascaris, strongyloides, hookworms (necatur, ancylostoma)

31
Q

what tapeworm causes B12 deficiency?

A

the fish one (diphyllobothrium)

32
Q

which kinds of hepatitis can cause chronic infection?

A

B, C

33
Q

what is the treatment for chronic HCV infection?

A

sofosbuvir (NS5B/polymerase inhibitor) + velpatasvir (NS5A/protein needed for replication inhibitor)

34
Q

what is the treatment for chronic HBV infection?

A

tenofovir

35
Q

which hepatitis viruses are common in the US?

A

A, B, C

36
Q

what type of vaccine for Hep A?

A

killed whole virus (give active + passive for acute infection)

37
Q

what type of vaccine for HBV?

A

surface Ag subunit vaccine

38
Q

What type of vaccine for HCV?

A

THERE ISN’T ONE

39
Q

What type of vaccine for hep d?

A

The hep B one protects against Hep D (surface Ag subunit vacc)

40
Q

what type of vaccine for Hep E?

A

it’s not FDA approved so who the fuck cares

41
Q

what is the window period for HBV infection, and what do you look for on serology?

A

when HBsAg = anti-HBsAg and therefore neither shows up on serology, need to look for anti-HBcAg IgM

42
Q

what is the significance of anti-HbeAg?

A

can tell the patient that they are on the road to recovery because it shows up before anti-HbsAg

43
Q

do you treat acute HBV or HCV infection?

A

NO

44
Q

does strongyloides show eggs in the stool on O&P

A

NO! Only larvae

45
Q

Is rhinovirus acid-stable?

A

NO

46
Q

contaminated shellfish

A

hep A

47
Q

devil’s grip?

A

coxsackie B

48
Q

what drug treats aspergillus?

A

voriconazole

49
Q

what is the mechanism of action of ampho B

A

binds ergosterol and creates pores in the cell membrane

50
Q

what is the mechanism of action of flucytosine?

A

inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis

51
Q

what is the mechanism of action of imidazoles and triazoles?

A

inhibit 14a-demethylase, enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol

52
Q

what is the mechanism of action of echinocandins?

A

inhibit B-D-glucan synthesis AT THE CELL WALL (only drug that acts at cell wall NOT cell membrane)

53
Q

what is the mechanism of action of terbinafine?

A

inhibits squalene epoxidase

54
Q

what is the mechanism of action of grisofulvin?

A

inhibits MTs, blocks metaphase (accumulates in keratin)

55
Q

what are the adverse drug reactions for ampho B?

A

“shake & bake” fever

renal tubular acidosis

low Mg and K

anemia

56
Q

what are the adverse drug reactions for flucytosine?

A

bone marrow suppresion

57
Q

what are the adverse drug reactions for imidazoles?

A

block steroid synthesis

liver function

long QT

GI

58
Q

what are the adverse drug reactions for triazoles?

A

teratogenic (fluconazole)

59
Q

what are the adverse drug reactions for echinocandins?

A

minor GI

histamine release

facial flushing

60
Q

what are the adverse drug reactions for terbinafine?

A

taste disturbance

GI

headache

hepatotoxic

61
Q

what are the adverse drug reactions for grisofulvin?

A

teratogenic

antibuse reaction

62
Q

which antifungals inhibit P450?

A

imidazoles (a lot)

triazoles (a little)

63
Q

which antifungals induce P450?

A

grisofulvin

64
Q

what is the treatment for cryptococcal meningitis?

A

Ampho B + flucytosine

followed by fluconazole

65
Q

what is the treatment for tinea (capitus, corporalis, pedis, cruris)

A

clotrimazole, ketoconazole, miconazole

66
Q

what is the treatment for candida infection in pregnancy?

A

clotrimazole, miconazole

67
Q

what is the treatment for candida (not pregnant)

A

fluconazole or voriconazole

(nystatin for vaginitis or thrush)

68
Q

what is the treatment for dimorphic fungi?

A

itraconazole

69
Q

what is an IV treatment for systemic candida or aspergillus

A

echinocandins

70
Q

what is the treatment for tinea capitus in kids?

A

terbinafine + grisofulvin

71
Q

what is the treatment for onchynomycosis?

A

grisofulvin or terbinafine

72
Q

what is a PO treatment for tinea?

A

grisofulvin

73
Q

what treatments can be used for disseminated candidiasis?

A

fluconazole, voriconazole, echinocandins (capsofungin), ampho B

74
Q

what is the only licensed treatment for mucormycosis

A

Ampho B

Step (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions