ID Terms 23-30 Chapters Flashcards
D-Day
The allied attack of June 6, 1944, across the English channel against Hitler forces in France.
An huge offensive force had been gathering in Britain for two years before the spring of 1944. Almost 3 million troops and perhaps the greatest array of naval vessels ever assembled in one place. Along the sixty miles on the coast of Normandy where the Germans had expected it 4000 Americans, British, Canadian, and other troops was fighting intensely along the beach. Allied forces gradually prevailed but at a high cost. Within a week the German forces had been dislodged from the entire Normandy coast. By August Paris was liberated from the four years of German occupation.
Hiroshima&Nagasaki
Japanese site of the first denotation of an atomic bomb against an enemy nation, dropped by the United States in 1945.
On August 6, 1945 America dropped B-29 on the Japanese Industrial Center at the center of Hiroshima. With a single bomb it incinerated a four square mile area at the center of the city. More than 80,000 civilians died according to better estimates many more suffered the crippling effects of the radioactive fallout or passed the effects to their children in a form of birth defects. Japanese stunned by the attack, was at first unable to respond, two days later the Soviet declared war on Japan. On August 8, 1945, America dropped another atomic weapon but on the city of Nagasaki causing another 100,000 deaths and terrible damage to another community. The emperor intervened and on August 14th Japan was ready to give. The most destructive war in human history just came to an end.
Containment
The Cold War strategy that called for preventing the spread of communism, by force or by any other means.
By the end of 1945 a attempt to create a unified world or destroy communism where it already existed, the United States and its allied would work to prevent Soviet Union expansion. American leaders almost always assumed the communist sought to spread thier ideology in a global revolution and that all communist states were conspiring together to make it happen. The view flawed global revolution and back-step communist alliance may have been the long term hope. But the thirst Stalin had for promoting the interest of the Soviet state than as true ideological pattern led to the murder or exile of millions of his own citizens in the 1930s . Now fearing capitalist. Containment became a basis for American policy that survived for more than forty years.
GI Bill
Officially known as the Servicemen Readjustment Act of 1944; provided housing, education, and job-training subsidies to veterans
Expressed progressive hopes of many Americans who wanted to see the government do more assistance to its citizens. It showed some of the enduring inequalities in American life. Few GI-Bill benefits were available to women, itself did not mean discriminate African Americans but allowed southern sates to deny or limit to Black veterans. But gave access to educations for veterans a demonstrating of benefits education for veterans children, and the incorporation of students from the lower economic background into upper class dominated universities. Which college admissions peaked and the number of degrees awarded more than doubles. Allowing for more diversity. Thus making the suburban life a more norm for people of all social backgrounds.
Brown vs Board of Education
The 1954 Supreme Court overturned “separate but equal” opinion of Plessy v Ferguson and provided federal support for the civil rights movement.
On May 17, 1954 the court rejected its own 1896 Plessy v Ferguson decision regarding the legal segregation in Kansas the separate but equal. The Brown decision declared that segregating public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional. Separate educations facilities are inherently unequal. So their communities must work to desegregate their schools. Southern communities resisted. Upper south did so quietly and quickly but more than 100 southern members defied it. Embarking campaigns of massive resistance to destruct and delay any effort to mix Black and whites students. Ordering the desegregation of Central High School in Little Rock. The Governor disagreed looking the other way when a angry white mob attempted to stop 8 black students. National Guard came to enforce the courts decision to ensure compliance. Central High School admits its first Black students.
Gulf of Tolkien Resolution
Act of congress in 1964 that gave President Johnson the authority to escalate the conflict in Vietnam, based on questionable accounts of attack made on American ships by the North Vietnamese.
On August 1964 the president announced the American destroyers on patrol on international waters in the Gulf of Tolkien had been attacked by North Vietnamese torpedo boats. By then vote of Congress, they authorized the president to “take all necessary measures” to protect Americans forces and “prevent further agression in Southeast Asia. Gave Johnson an open-ended legal authorization for esclation of the conflict. Johnson ordered American bombing of the north in attemp to detry the depots and transportation. President kept asking the citizens of American to help bring more soldiers to the Vietnam War. Over 500,000 soldiers were fighting and by the end 4000 Americans died.
Watergate
Named after the site where Nixon were first arrested, the scandal involving Nixon use of illegal campaign tactics and attempts to cover up those attacks.
Police arrested five men trying to break into the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee in the Watergate office. Two others were seized a short time later. Washington post reporters started to begin researching the background of the culprits finding out one of them were the employee of the CRP. More ever been paid for the break ins from a secret find of Nixon reelection committee controlled by the White House staff. Two different sets of scandal were revealed. An pattern of abuses of the power and the way administration tried to cover-up the investigations and abuse of the power. A special prosecutor appointed by the president was fired after pushing Nixon to released the recordings. The lasting damage of Watergate in which society would distrust leaders and institutions.
Reaganomics
Supply-side economics policy enforced by Reagan and based on the idea that reducing taxes on corporations and the wealthy would encourage now investments and social well being.
