ID's Midterm Flashcards
Near East
name given to the area by the europeans because it was the area closest to them as opposed to the far east ( china japan korea)
Levant
countries in the middle east that are located at the eastern end of the mediteranean sea ex: Syria and Lebanon
Maghrib
countries located in North Africa who are Arab and Muslim, they are no in the middle east but are lumped with them. (Morroco, Algeria, Libya)
Gulf States
countries located in and around the persian gulf. 1 of the most strategic areas in the world. All oils pass through this gulf before getting west. (iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia are all oil producing countries)
Koran
the holy book of the muslims in which Allah is god
Five pillars of islam
refers to the foundations of islamic faith
Sunnis v. Shias
2 branches of islam, Sunni’s are the majority
The Treaty of Sevres
Signed by the Ally powers it signified the end of the Ottoman empire
Mustafa Kemal
The founder of modern turkey. He removed anything islamic from the nation, westernized it
Kemalism
a series of reforms carried out by Kemal. It has 6 parts; reformism, republicanism, secularism, nationalism, populism, and etatism
Truman doctrine
1947, pledged to help countries such as Greece and turkey to prevent them from falling to communism
Democratic Party
in 1946 by defectors of the RPP came to power in Turkey in 1950
Mesopotamia
ancient name of Iraq, Greek term for the land between two rivers the tigris and euphrates
King Faisal
1st monarch of Iraq created by the British/ Succeeded by Ghazi the Faisal II
Baghdad Pact
Between Iraq Iran Turkey Pakistan and British, The US didnt join but they created it. It was modeled after NATO. Purpose was to contain communism in the ME
Kurds
Ethnic group primarily Sunni muslims in many different countries including Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey
Ba’th Party
socialist party created in Syria but spread to other Arab countries including Iraq
Saddan Hussein
was 2nd in command to AlBakkar he lated removed him from power and became president until 2003. US forces over threw him
Transjordan
name given by the british to the area meaning the land beyond the Jordan River
Transjordan Frontier Force
another military created by British for Jordan, created to provide security at the borders
Zerga Incident
a group of palestinians and communists rebelled against King Husseien but nothing came of it because Jordan military was behind Hussein
Eisenhower doctrine
pledged to give military and financial aid to a # of ME countries to contain communism. 2 specifically mentioned were Jordan and Iran
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
represent interests of palestinian refugees and people it engaged in terrorist attacks against israel also created problems with King Hussein
Black September
PLO created problems for King Hussein’s government. He retaliated by ordering his military crush the PLO in Jordan. The PLO then withdrew from Jordan
The sick man of Europe
refers to Sultan Abdul Hamid II, name given by the Europeans to the Ottoman Empire bc it was incapable of reform or change
