ID's Midterm

Question 1

Near East

Answer 1

name given to the area by the europeans because it was the area closest to them as opposed to the far east ( china japan korea)

Question 2

Levant

Answer 2

countries in the middle east that are located at the eastern end of the mediteranean sea ex: Syria and Lebanon

Question 3

Maghrib

Answer 3

countries located in North Africa who are Arab and Muslim, they are no in the middle east but are lumped with them. (Morroco, Algeria, Libya)

Question 4

Gulf States

Answer 4

countries located in and around the persian gulf. 1 of the most strategic areas in the world. All oils pass through this gulf before getting west. (iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia are all oil producing countries)

Question 5

Koran

Answer 5

the holy book of the muslims in which Allah is god

Question 6

Five pillars of islam

Answer 6

refers to the foundations of islamic faith

Question 7

Sunnis v. Shias

Answer 7

2 branches of islam, Sunni’s are the majority

Question 8

The Treaty of Sevres

Answer 8

Signed by the Ally powers it signified the end of the Ottoman empire

Question 9

Mustafa Kemal

Answer 9

The founder of modern turkey. He removed anything islamic from the nation, westernized it

Question 10

Kemalism

Answer 10

a series of reforms carried out by Kemal. It has 6 parts; reformism, republicanism, secularism, nationalism, populism, and etatism

Question 11

Truman doctrine

Answer 11

1947, pledged to help countries such as Greece and turkey to prevent them from falling to communism

Question 12

Democratic Party

Answer 12

in 1946 by defectors of the RPP came to power in Turkey in 1950

Question 13

Mesopotamia

Answer 13

ancient name of Iraq, Greek term for the land between two rivers the tigris and euphrates

Question 14

King Faisal

Answer 14

1st monarch of Iraq created by the British/ Succeeded by Ghazi the Faisal II

Question 15

Baghdad Pact

Answer 15

Between Iraq Iran Turkey Pakistan and British, The US didnt join but they created it. It was modeled after NATO. Purpose was to contain communism in the ME

Question 16

Kurds

Answer 16

Ethnic group primarily Sunni muslims in many different countries including Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey

Question 17

Ba’th Party

Answer 17

socialist party created in Syria but spread to other Arab countries including Iraq

Question 18

Saddan Hussein

Answer 18

was 2nd in command to AlBakkar he lated removed him from power and became president until 2003. US forces over threw him

Question 19

Transjordan

Answer 19

name given by the british to the area meaning the land beyond the Jordan River

Question 20

Transjordan Frontier Force

Answer 20

another military created by British for Jordan, created to provide security at the borders

Question 21

Zerga Incident

Answer 21

a group of palestinians and communists rebelled against King Husseien but nothing came of it because Jordan military was behind Hussein

Question 22

Eisenhower doctrine

Answer 22

pledged to give military and financial aid to a # of ME countries to contain communism. 2 specifically mentioned were Jordan and Iran

Question 23

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

Answer 23

represent interests of palestinian refugees and people it engaged in terrorist attacks against israel also created problems with King Hussein

Question 24

Black September

Answer 24

PLO created problems for King Hussein’s government. He retaliated by ordering his military crush the PLO in Jordan. The PLO then withdrew from Jordan

Question 25

The sick man of Europe

Answer 25

refers to Sultan Abdul Hamid II, name given by the Europeans to the Ottoman Empire bc it was incapable of reform or change