ID I - ABX Coverages Flashcards
Natural penicillins - coverage
-Strep.
-Enterococci
-NOT STAPH!
-Gram positive anaerobic mouth flora (peptostreptococci, actinomyces)
Natural penicillins - drugs
-Penicillin V Potassium
-Penicillin G Aqueous
-Penicillin G benzathine (will cover VRE E. faecalis)
Aminopenicillins - coverage
-Strep.
-Enterococci
-NOT STAPH!
-Gram positive anaerobic mouth flora (peptostreptococci, actinomyces)
-HNPE
Aminopenicillins + beta lactamase inhibitors - coverage
-Strep.
-Enterococci
-Staph. coverage
-Gram positive anaerobic mouth flora (peptostreptococci, actinomyces)
-HNPEK
-B. fragilis (gram negative anaerobe)
Aminopenicillins - drugs
-Amoxicillin
-Ampicillin
Extended-Spectrum Penicillin + beta lactamase inhibitor - drug AND coverage
Drug: piperacillin-tazobactam
Coverage (broad):
-Strep.
-Enterococci
-Staph. coverage
-Gram positive anaerobic mouth flora (peptostreptococci, actinomyces)
-HNPEK
-B. fragilis (gram negative anaerobe)
-CAPES
-P. aeruginosa
Antistaphylococcal penicillins - coverage
-Staph.
-Strep.
Antistaphylococcal penicillins - drugs
-Dicloxacillin
-Nafcillin
-Oxacillin
1st Gen Cephalosporins - coverage
-Staph.
-Strep.
-Some PEK coverage; increases as generations increase
1st Gen Cephalosporins - drugs
-Cefazolin
-Cephalexin
-Cefadroxil
2nd Generation Cephalosporins - coverage
-Staph.
-Strep.
-HNPEK
*-B. fragilis
2nd Generation Cephalosporins - drugs
-Cefuroxime
-Cefaclor
-Cefprozil
*-Cefotetan
*-Cefoxitin
3rd Generations Cephalosporins Group 1 - coverage
-Staph.
-Strep.
-HNPEK
-Gram positive anaerobic mouth flora (peptostreptococci, actinomyces)
3rd Generation Cephalosporins Group 1 - drugs
-Ceftriaxone
-Cefotaxime
-Cefdinir
-Cefditoren
-Cefixime
-Cefpodoxime
-Ceftibuten
3rd Generation Cephalosporins Group 2 - coverage
-NO GRAM POSITIVE ACTIVITY
-Pseudomonas
3rd Generation Cephalosporins Group 2 + beta lactamase inhibitors - coverage
-MDR Pseudomonas
-MDR gram negative rods, including ESBL producing
3rd Generation Cephalosporins Group 2 - drugs
-Ceftazidime
-Ceftolozane
4th Gen Cephalosporins - coverage AND drug
Drug: cefepime
-Staph.
-Strep.
-Gram positive anaerobic mouth flora (peptostreptococci, actinomyces)
-HNPEK
-CAPES
-Pseudomonas
5th Gen Cephalosporin- coverage AND drug
Drug: Ceftaroline
-BROAD GRAM POSITIVE (includes MRSA)
-HNPEK
Carbapenems - coverage, and the exception
Everything EXCEPT:
-Atypicals
-MRSA
-C. diff
-Stenotrophomonas
-VRE
-Enterococcus faecium
EXCEPTION: ertapenem additionally DOES NOT COVER:
-Pseudomonas
-Acinetobacter
-Enterococcus
Aztreonam - coverage
-Gram negatives, including pseudomonas
-NO GRAM POSITIVE or ANAEROBIC
Aminoglycosides - coverage
-Gram negatives, including pseudomonas and ESBL
-Gentamicin and streptomycin used in synergy for some gram-positive infections
-Streptomycin and amikacin are second-line for some Mycobacterial infections
Respiratory fluoroquinolones - drugs
-Gemifloxacin
-Levofloxacin
-Moxifloxacin
Fluoroquinolones that cover Pseudomonas - drugs
-Ciprofloxacin
-Levofloxacin
Fluoroquinolone that CANNOT be used or UTI
Moxifloxacin
Macrolides - coverage
Atypicals
Tetracyclines - coverage
-Gram positives
-VRE ONLY in cystitis
-Gram negatives
-Atypicals
-Spirochetes
-Rickettsiae
-T. pallidum
-Bacillus anthracis
SMX/TMP - coverage
-Staph. (including MRSA)
-Many gram negatives, notably Shigella, Salmonella, and Stenotrophomonas
-NOT PSEUDOMONAS
-Opportunistic pathogens: Nocardia, pneumocystis, toxoplasmosis
Vancomycin and Lipoglycopeptides - coverage
-Gram positives only, including MRSA
-NOT VRE
-Vancomycin PO covers C. diff
Daptomycin - coverage
-Gram positives, including MRSA and both VRE
OxaZOLIDinones - coverage
-Gram positives, including MRSA (eh) and both VRE
Tigecycline - coverage
Everything EXCEPT 3 P’s:
-Pseudomonas
-Proteus
-Providencia
Polymyxins - coverage
-Broad-spectrum gram negatives EXCEPT Proteus
Clindamycin - coverage
-Gram positives including MRSA
-NOT ENTEROCOCCI
-Anaerobes
Metronidazole and Tinidazole - coverage
-Protozoa
-Anaerobes (metronidazole ONLY)
Fosfomycin - coverage
-E. coli (includes ESBLs)
-E. faecalis (including VRE)
Nitrofurantoin - coverage
-S. aureus
-Enterococcus (VRE)
-Enterobacter
-E. coli
-Klebsiella
