ID(F) Flashcards
Med Intel Brief sources
CDC
WHO
Carrier
person or animal that harbors ID but does not demonstrate sx
Contact
exposure to a source of infection
Contagious
capable of being transmited
Host
an organism that harbors parasitic, mutualistic, or comemensalist guest
Parasite
organism that lives on ir in a host and gets its food from or at expense of the host
Pathogen
an infectious agent or organism
Infection
invasion of the body tissues of a host by an infectious agent
Portal of Entry
a pathway inot the host that gives an aggest access to tissue
Reservoir
area in which infectious pathogen natrurally lives and reproduces
Zoonosis
transmissible from non-humans to humans
Epidemic
an increase in number of cases of disease specific to an area
Pandemic
occurring over a widespread area
Arbovirus
arthropod-borne virus
Immunity, active
resistance developed to an antigen
Immunity, passive
transfer of active immunity produced from another host (short term)
Immunity, herd
majority of a group is restitant or immune to a pathogen
Incubation period
timet interval from being infected to symptoms
Latency Period
time interval from of being infected to infetiousness
Subclinical infection
an infection that is nearly or completely asymptomatic
Syndrome
combination of symptoms characterisitc of disease or condition
Indirect contact
transmission occurs when there is no direct human-human contact
Prodrome
indicate the onset of a disease
First medical condition to have a developed prodrome
schizophrenia
3 classes of human parasites
protozoa
helminths
ectoparasites
Are parasitic infections reporatble?
yes
Srcodina
the ameba
Parasite transmission
protozoa harbor in GI and are transmitted fecal-oral routes
Mastigophora
flagellates
Ciliophora
the cilates
Sporozoa
non motile adult stage organism
Leading cause of waterborne disease in the US
cryptosporidium
Helminth
large multicellular organism visible to the naked eye; invades GI
Platyhelminth
flatworm
Acanthocephalins
thorny-headed worm
Nematode
roundworms
Roundworm types
ascaris
hookworms
Ectoparasites (4)
flea, tick, lice, mite
Parasitic Infection Lab/Studies
fecal exam
endo/colonoscopy
blood test
XRAY/MRI
West Nile Virus incubation period
2-6 days
Leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease
West Nile Virus
West Nile Virus Transmitted by
culex mosquito; blood transfusion
Where do Culex mosquitos contract West Nile Virus?
birds
WNV presentation
80% asymptomatic; fever; neurologic illness; headache; weakness; rash; GI sx
Neuroinvasive WNV types
meningitis or encephalitis
WNV labs (2)
ELISA for IgM
CSF
WNV tx
symptomatic
MEDEVAC if neurological
Malaria caused by
female anopheles mosquito
Falciparum is what phase of malaria?
blood
Malaria incubation period
7-30 days
Lethal Malaria
Falciparum
Malaria sx
cyclic fevers*
flu-like symptoms
jaundice
anemia
Paroxysmal fever cycle
cold stage 1 hr
febrile stage 2-6 hr
diaphoretic stage 2-4 hr
cycle lasts 48-72 hr
Two Malaria treatment regimens in US (2)
Malarone
Coartem
Mosquitos not found above what elevation
6k ft
Uncomplicated Malaria tx
chloroquine phosphate 1g PO
.5g 6 hours later
.5g daily next two days
Chloroquine Resistant Malaria tx
Malarone 4 tabs PO QD3
Severe Malaria tx
Artesunate 2.4mg IV
Doxy 100mg
Malaria P.ovale tx
Primaquine 52.6mg (14 days)
Malaria propholylaxis (4)
doxy
mefloquine
malarone
primaquine
Dengue fever aka
Breakbone Fever
Dengue fever prevelant area
tropic/subtropic
Dengue fever transmission
Aedes aegypti; mother to child; blood transfusion
Dengue Fever sx
75% asymptomatic;
fever fatigue and malaise
muscle, joint, bone pain
hemorrhagic manifestations
DIC like sx
Dengue fever 3 phass
febrile
critical
convalescent
Tourniquet test
inflate BP cuff to median pressure for 90-120 sec
20+ petechia per square inch is positive for dengue
Dengue shock syndrome
hypotension and shock despite tx
Tick borne illnesses
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Lyme
RMSF scientific name
Rickettsia
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever most common location
Appalachian mountains
RMSF most common cause
hiking, camping
RMSF incubation
2-14 days
RMSF symptoms
fever
GI
myalgias
rash around eyes and hands
RMSF tx
Doxy
RMSF tick
American Dog (East coast)
Brown Dog (everywhere else)
Lyme Disease Tick
Ixodes blacklegged tick
Lyme disease hallmark
bullseye rash/target lesion
3 stages of Lyme Disease
Early
Acute Disseminated
Late
Most common affected joints of Lyme Disease
knees
Lyme Disease tx
Doxy BID 14 days for early and Disseminated
28 days for late
Late Lyme Disease hallmark
arthritis
Lyme disease precatuions
Doxy 200mg PO daily
protective clothing
Tick checks Q12
DEET
Early/Disseminated Lyme Disease dispostion
MEDADVICE
Leishmaniasis caused by what organism
L. Tropica
2 subtypes of Leishmaniasis
New World and Old World
Leishmaniasis sx
non healing pruritic lesion
painless
sand flea bite
Leishmaniasis tx
debridement
cleaning
bandage/wrap
Leishmaniasis med (3)
oral antifungals
“amphotericin b deoxycholate”
antimonial
Osteomyelitis 2 types
MRSA and MSSA
2 MRSA types
CA (community) and HA (hospital)
MRSA labs/diagnostics
Wound Culture
US
MRSA medications
Septra (Bactrim)
Doxy
Clindamycin
MRSA tx
I&D
irrigation
do no suture
Fight bite tx
control bleed
clean wound
do not close
antibiotics
bandage
24h f/u
IMZ