ID(F) Flashcards
Med Intel Brief sources
CDC
WHO
Carrier
person or animal that harbors ID but does not demonstrate sx
Contact
exposure to a source of infection
Contagious
capable of being transmited
Host
an organism that harbors parasitic, mutualistic, or comemensalist guest
Parasite
organism that lives on ir in a host and gets its food from or at expense of the host
Pathogen
an infectious agent or organism
Infection
invasion of the body tissues of a host by an infectious agent
Portal of Entry
a pathway inot the host that gives an aggest access to tissue
Reservoir
area in which infectious pathogen natrurally lives and reproduces
Zoonosis
transmissible from non-humans to humans
Epidemic
an increase in number of cases of disease specific to an area
Pandemic
occurring over a widespread area
Arbovirus
arthropod-borne virus
Immunity, active
resistance developed to an antigen
Immunity, passive
transfer of active immunity produced from another host (short term)
Immunity, herd
majority of a group is restitant or immune to a pathogen
Incubation period
timet interval from being infected to symptoms
Latency Period
time interval from of being infected to infetiousness
Subclinical infection
an infection that is nearly or completely asymptomatic
Syndrome
combination of symptoms characterisitc of disease or condition
Indirect contact
transmission occurs when there is no direct human-human contact
Prodrome
indicate the onset of a disease
First medical condition to have a developed prodrome
schizophrenia
3 classes of human parasites
protozoa
helminths
ectoparasites
Are parasitic infections reporatble?
yes
Srcodina
the ameba
Parasite transmission
protozoa harbor in GI and are transmitted fecal-oral routes
Mastigophora
flagellates
Ciliophora
the cilates
Sporozoa
non motile adult stage organism
Leading cause of waterborne disease in the US
cryptosporidium
Helminth
large multicellular organism visible to the naked eye; invades GI
Platyhelminth
flatworm
Acanthocephalins
thorny-headed worm
Nematode
roundworms
Roundworm types
ascaris
hookworms
Ectoparasites (4)
flea, tick, lice, mite
Parasitic Infection Lab/Studies
fecal exam
endo/colonoscopy
blood test
XRAY/MRI
West Nile Virus incubation period
2-6 days
Leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease
West Nile Virus
West Nile Virus Transmitted by
culex mosquito; blood transfusion
Where do Culex mosquitos contract West Nile Virus?
birds
WNV presentation
80% asymptomatic; fever; neurologic illness; headache; weakness; rash; GI sx
Neuroinvasive WNV types
meningitis or encephalitis
WNV labs (2)
ELISA for IgM
CSF
WNV tx
symptomatic
MEDEVAC if neurological
Malaria caused by
female anopheles mosquito
Falciparum is what phase of malaria?
blood
Malaria incubation period
7-30 days
Lethal Malaria
Falciparum
Malaria sx
cyclic fevers*
flu-like symptoms
jaundice
anemia
Paroxysmal fever cycle
cold stage 1 hr
febrile stage 2-6 hr
diaphoretic stage 2-4 hr
cycle lasts 48-72 hr
Two Malaria treatment regimens in US (2)
Malarone
Coartem
Mosquitos not found above what elevation
6k ft
Uncomplicated Malaria tx
chloroquine phosphate 1g PO
.5g 6 hours later
.5g daily next two days
Chloroquine Resistant Malaria tx
Malarone 4 tabs PO QD3
Severe Malaria tx
Artesunate 2.4mg IV
Doxy 100mg
Malaria P.ovale tx
Primaquine 52.6mg (14 days)
Malaria propholylaxis (4)
doxy
mefloquine
malarone
primaquine
Dengue fever aka
Breakbone Fever
Dengue fever prevelant area
tropic/subtropic
Dengue fever transmission
Aedes aegypti; mother to child; blood transfusion
Dengue Fever sx
75% asymptomatic;
fever fatigue and malaise
muscle, joint, bone pain
hemorrhagic manifestations
DIC like sx
Dengue fever 3 phass
febrile
critical
convalescent
Tourniquet test
inflate BP cuff to median pressure for 90-120 sec
20+ petechia per square inch is positive for dengue
Dengue shock syndrome
hypotension and shock despite tx
Tick borne illnesses
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Lyme
RMSF scientific name
Rickettsia
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever most common location
Appalachian mountains
RMSF most common cause
hiking, camping
RMSF incubation
2-14 days
RMSF symptoms
fever
GI
myalgias
rash around eyes and hands
RMSF tx
Doxy
RMSF tick
American Dog (East coast)
Brown Dog (everywhere else)
Lyme Disease Tick
Ixodes blacklegged tick
Lyme disease hallmark
bullseye rash/target lesion
3 stages of Lyme Disease
Early
Acute Disseminated
Late
Most common affected joints of Lyme Disease
knees
Lyme Disease tx
Doxy BID 14 days for early and Disseminated
28 days for late
Late Lyme Disease hallmark
arthritis
Lyme disease precatuions
Doxy 200mg PO daily
protective clothing
Tick checks Q12
DEET
Early/Disseminated Lyme Disease dispostion
MEDADVICE
Leishmaniasis caused by what organism
L. Tropica
2 subtypes of Leishmaniasis
New World and Old World
Leishmaniasis sx
non healing pruritic lesion
painless
sand flea bite
Leishmaniasis tx
debridement
cleaning
bandage/wrap
Leishmaniasis med (3)
oral antifungals
“amphotericin b deoxycholate”
antimonial
Osteomyelitis 2 types
MRSA and MSSA
2 MRSA types
CA (community) and HA (hospital)
MRSA labs/diagnostics
Wound Culture
US
MRSA medications
Septra (Bactrim)
Doxy
Clindamycin
MRSA tx
I&D
irrigation
do no suture
Fight bite tx
control bleed
clean wound
do not close
antibiotics
bandage
24h f/u
IMZ
Clenched Fist Injury aka
Fight Bite
Tetanus booster following injury
if longer than 5 years ago
if unkown
if less than 3 doses recieved
Avoid what antibiotics in human bites
keflex
dicloxacillin
Macrolides (-mycin)
Human Bite dispositions
MEDADVICE unless neurovascular or avulsion
Most common cause of OM in young adults
trauma
Most common cause of OM in older adults
contagious spread of infection from adjacent tissue
2 pillars of OM tx
surgical containment
antibiotic therapy
Tetanus scientific name
Clostridium Tetani
Fatal component of tetanus
exotoxin-mediated
Minimum lethal dose of tetanus
2.5 nanograms per KG
Tetanus antibiotics
Metronidazole IV
Pen G IV
Neutralization of unbound tetanus toxin
TIG
HTIG
500 units in different location than Tetanus Immunization
Dengue Fever, fever type
Saddle back
Meningitis bacterial causes (6)
strep pneumonia
group b strep
meningitidis
influenza
e. coli
listeria
Meningitis viral causes (7)
entero virus
coxsack
echo
WNV
influenza
Epstein Barr
HSV
Classic Menigeal Tetrad
fever
nuchal rigidity
AMS
severe headache
How to determine meningitis type?
CSF
Meningitis antibiotics
Ceftriaxone 2G IV Q12h
or
PEN-G 4 mu IV Q4h
Meningitis steroid
Dexamethasone 4mg IV
Meningitis chemoprophylaxis
Ceftiraxone 250mg IM one time
Cipro 500mg PO one time
Mono sx
malaise
fever
cervical lymphadenopathy
spleen enlargement
rash
Mono tx
symptomatic
Rabies organism type
Rhabdoviridae
Aerophobia
phalangeal muscle spasm triggered by feeling of air
Rabies post exposure prophylaxis (unvaccinated)
wound cleansing
RIG
vaccine 4 shots (0,3,7,21)
Rabies post exposure prophylaxis (vaccinated)
wound cleansing
vaccine 2 shots (0,3)
Diarrhea
3 or more loose/watery stools within 24 hours
Acute Diarrhea
<14 days
Persistent Diarrhea
14-30 days
Chronic Diarrhea
> 30 days
Mild diarrhea
tolerable/ non distressing
Moderate diarrhea
distressing and interferes with daily life
Severe diarrhea
incapacitating
Most effective prevention of diarrhea
hand washing
Diarrhea viral causes
norovirus
rotavirus
Diarrhea bacterial causes
E.coli
Shigella
Salmonella
Bacterial toxin releasing
Diarrhea protozoal causes
giardia
entamoeba
Campylobacter hallmark
frequent bloody bowel movements 10x a day
Giardia hallmark
foul-smelling, greasy diarrhea
Giardia tx
Flagyl aka Metronidazole
Campylobacter incubation
2-5 days
Typhoid diarrhea hallmark
pea soup
E. coli incubation
3-4 days
2 E. Coli types
ETEC (travelers/non-inflammatory)
EHEC (inflammatory)
Mild Diarrhea tx
Loperamide
Oral rehydration
ODT
Moderate Diarrhea tx
Loperamide
Oral Rehydration
ODT
Azithromycin or Cipro
Severe Diarrhea tx
Loperamide
Oral Rehydration
Azithromycin or Cipro
IV LR with Ondansetron
Vibrio associated with
salt water
When to consider MEDADVICE or MEDEVAC diarrhea
fever >103F
positive hemoccult
inability to rehydrate
multiple patients
Tetanus incubation
10-21 days
Lyme’s disease incubation
3-30 days
Rabies incubation
1-3 months
Isolation for asymptomatic rabies patients
10-14 days
Leshminiasis incubation period
2 weeks to several months
Mono incubation period
4-6 weeks
Influenza types affecting humans
A/B
Influenza highest infectiousness
within 3 days of onset
Influenza 2 structures
Hemagglutinin (H1, H2, H3)
Neuraminidase (N1 and N2)
Flu sx
constitutional symptoms
non productive cough
sore throat
substernal soreness
rales
Influenza resolves within
1-7 days
Influenza antiviral
Oseltamivir 75mg BID x5 days
Tuberculosis bacteria shape
rod
TB incubation
3-12 weeks
Leading cause of infectious death world wide
TB
TB vaccine
Bacille Calmette-Guerin
TB diagnosis capability on ship
TST
GHON focus
TB lesion/granuloma
GHON complex
affected area of lower region of lung
TB Exposure Risk Assessment
NAVMED 6224/7
LTBI meds
INH/Rifampin
TB monthly evaluation form
6224/9
TB latency
10-60 years
Gold standard for confirmatory TB diagnosis
sputum test
Anthrax bacteria
bacillus anthracis
Anthrax incubation
1-7 days
4 presentations of anthrax
cutaneous
ingestion
injection
inhalation
Cutaneous Anthrax hallmark
Eschar with edema
Anthrax antiobiotics
Cipro
Doxy
Levo
Anthrax initial presentation
small painless papule progresses to bulla; bulla progresses to eschar
Most reported STI
chlamydia
Chlamydia- Gonorrhea co-infection rate
50%
Gold Standard Chlamydial test
NAAT
Chlamydia tx
Doxy
Azithromycin
Reiter’s syndrome
arthritis
conjunctivitis
urethritis
Recommended chlamydia retest
3 months
Gonorrhea oragism
gram-negative diplococci bacteria
Gonorrhea scientific name
Neisseria gonorrhea
Gonorrhea incubation
1-14 days
Gonorrhea test
NAAT
Gonorrhea tx
Ceftriaxone IM
Doxy PO
Azithromycin PO
Syphilis scientific name
treponema pallidum
Syphilis incubation
10-90 days; average is 21
Primary Syphilis hallmark
painless chancre
Secondary Syphilis hallmark
skin rashes around mucous membranes, trunk, palms, and soles
Latent Syphilis
no visible signs or symptoms
Tertiary Syphilis sx
Aortitis
Neurosyphilis
Gummatous syphilis
Syphilis tests
RPR
Fat-abs**
Syphilis tx
Penicillin G/ Bicillin
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
acute febrile reaction to syphilis tx with headache and rigors
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction tx
Tylenol or NSAIDs; self-resolves in 12 hours
Trich caused by what protozoa
Trichomonas vaginalis
Most common protzoal STI
trichomonas
Thricomonas infects what
squamous epitheliam in urogenital tract; strawberry cervix is hallmark
Thrichomonas sx
itching, pain, discharge
Trich labs
wet mount
NAAT
NAAT
nucleic acid amplification test
Trich tx
Metronidazole
Hep A transmission
Transmitted through consumption of contaminated water or
food, and fecal-oral route to include certain sex practices
Hep B transmission
Transmitted through exposure to infective blood, semen,
body fluids, contaminated blood products, and IV drug use
Hep C transmission
Transmitted through exposure to infective blood, HCV
contaminated blood & blood products, and IV drug use.
Sexual transmission is possible but less common
Hepatitis type without vaccine
C
Which vaccine provides protection from Hep D
Hep B
Hep E transmission
contaminated water or food
Hepatitis presentation
Fatigue, fever, muscle/joint pains, runny nose, pharyngitis,
abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia
What develops within 1-3 weeks of Hepatitis
RUQ px and jaundice
Hepatitis tx
symptomatic/MEDEVAC/SIQ
Hepatitis prevention
condoms and vaccination
Most common viral STI
HPV
Is HPV reportable
no
Genital Wart low-risk cancer types
6 &11
HPV tx
cryo
imiquimod
podophyllotoxin solution
HPV vaccine age
11-26
Genital Wart high-risk cancer types
16 & 18
Genital warts aka
condyloma acuminata
HIV incubation
2-4 weeks
Acute phase of HIV
acute retroviral syndrome
ARS sx
rash, fever, pain
HIV prophylaxis post-exposure types
nPEP (non-occupational)
PEP (occupational)
HIV tx
Medadvice/Medevac
Antiretroviral medication
HIV instruction
DODI 6485.01
Most accurate HIV test
4th Gen
Avoid what drugs in dengue
NSAID/Aspirin
Oral med for leishmaniasis
oral -azoles
Most common viral diarrhea
norovirus
Most common bacterial diarrhea
campylobacter (most common overall)
Most common parasitic diarrhea
giardia
Malaria confirmatory lab
blood smear
Leishmaniasis disposition
MEDEVAC
IV antibiotic for OM
Vancomycin or Ceftriaxone
Tetanus booster following injury
if longer than 5 years ago
if unknown
if less than 3 doses received
Causative agent of chlamydia
chlamydia trachomatous
Causative agent of chlamydia
chlamydia trachomatous
Causative agent of chlamydia
chlamydia trachomatous
