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Haematology > ID Anaemia > Flashcards

ID Anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

When you get an anaemic patient, what should you check?

A

Mean cell volume

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2
Q

haemoglobin and mean cell volume ranges - female

A

120-165 gram/litre

80-100 femtolites

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3
Q

haemoglobin and mean cell volume ranges - male

A

130-180 grams/ litre

80-100 femtolites

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4
Q

what are the 3 different types of anaemia?

A

microcytic - low MCV- small RBC’s
normocytic- normal MCV - normal RBC’s
macrocytic - large MCV - large RBC’s

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5
Q

Microcytic anaemic causes (TAILS)

A
  • Thalassemia
  • Anaemia of chronic disease
  • Iron deficiency
  • Lead poisoning
  • Sideroblastic
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6
Q

Nonocytic anaemia causes (3A’S and 2H’s)

A
  • Acute blood loss
  • Anaemia of chronic disease
  • Aplastic
  • Haemolytic
  • Hypothyroid
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7
Q

macrolytic - Megaloblastic is caused by?

A
  • impaired DNA synthesis

- vit deficiency = B12 and folate

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8
Q

normoblastic anaemia is caused by?

- what drug can cause it?

A
  • Alcohol
  • Reticulocytosis (haemolytic anaemia or blood loss)
  • hypothyroidism
  • liver diease

AZATHIOPRINE

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9
Q

Symptoms of anaemia

A 
tiredness
SOB
headaches
dizziness
palpitations 
worsening of angina, HF or peripheral VD
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10
Q

what symptoms are specific to Iron deficiency anaemia

A

pica - craving abnormal foods, eg dirt

hair loss - iron deficiency

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11
Q

What are some generic clinical signs of anaemia?

A

pale skin
conjunctival pallor
tachycardia
raised RR

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12
Q

What specific signs show clinical iron deficiency ? (4)

A

koilonychia
angular chelitis/stomatitis
atrophic glossits -smooth tongue
brittle hair

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13
Q

What specific signs show clinical haemolytic anaemia?

A

jaundice

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14
Q

What specific signs show clinical Thalassaemia

A

bone deformities

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15
Q

what clinical signs on the skin can indicate chronic kidney disease?

A

oedema , hypertension and excoriations

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16
Q

investigating anemia?

A 
haemoglobin 
MCV
b12
folate
ferritin
blood film
17
Q

Further investigations of unexplained iron deficiency anaemia?
other anaemia types?

A

OGD and colonoscopy - GI cause

bone marrow biopsy

18
Q

how can a patient become iron deficient (4)

A
  • dietary
  • iron requirement increase (pregnancy)
  • iron being lost (GI cancer etc)
  • inadequate absorption
19
Q

where is iron mainly absorbed?

A

duodenum and jejunum

20
Q

what medications can cause iron deficiency and how ?

A

proton pump inhibitors (lansoprazole and omeprazole) - they reduce stomach acid
- high stomach acid is required to change iron into the insoluble form (FE3)

21
Q

Most common cause of iron deficiency anaemia in adults?

children?

A

blood loss

dietary deficiency

22
Q

iron deficiency in females can be a result of ?
what are the most common causes of GI tract bleed ?
what should also be considered?

A

menorrhagia

oesophagitis, gastritis

IBD, chron’s, ulcerative colitis

23
Q

how do you calculate the transferrin saturation?

A

serum iron / total iron binding capacity

24
Q

when is extra ferritin released?

A

inflammation (infection or cancer)

25
Q

what is the best marker for much much transferrin is in the blood?

A

TIBC

26
Q

do TIBC and transferrin increase or decrease with iron deficiency and overload?

A

deficiency - increase

overload - decrease

27
Q

normal range for transferrin saturation

A

15-50%

28
Q

normal range for serum ferritin

A

41-100ug/l

29
Q

normal range for serum iron

A

12-30 ug/l

30
Q

fastest and most invasive way to treat?

A

blood infusion

31
Q

when should iron infusion (cosmofer) not be used?

A

during sepsis

- small anaphylaxis risk

32
Q

what oral iron is given and what is the dose?

A

ferrous sulphate - 200mg 3 times daily

  • constipation and dark stool
33
Q

when correcting IDA with iron, how much can you expect the haemoglobin to rise weekly?

A

10 grams/litre

Haematology (6 decks)

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