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ID, Breast, Oncology, Derm > ID > Flashcards

ID Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Examples of Gram +ve bacteria

A

Staphylococci
Streptococci
Enterococci
Clostridium species e.g. c.diff

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2
Q

Examples of Gram -ve bacteria

A 
H.pylori
E.coli
Shigella, salmonella, campylobacter
Klebsiella
P.aeruginosa
H.infulenzae
Neisseria- gonorrhoea
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3
Q

Classes of antibiotics

A 
Penicillins
Cephalosporins 
Carbapenems
Lipopeptides and polymyxins
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Folate synthesis inhibitors 
Fluoroquinolones
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4
Q

Examples of penicillins

A

Amoxicillin
Piperacillin + tazobactam
Flucloxacillin
Co-amoxiclav

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5
Q

Examples of cephalosporins

A

Cefalexine
Cefuroxime
Ceforaxime
Ceftriaxone

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6
Q

Examples of carbapenems

A

Meropenem

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7
Q

Examples of lipopeptides

A

Vancomycin

Teicoplanin

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8
Q

Examples of aminoglycosides

A

Gentamicin

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9
Q

Examples of macrolides

A

Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin

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10
Q

Examples of tetracyclines

A

Tetracycline

Doxycycline

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11
Q

Examples of folate synthesis inhibitors

A

Trimethoprim

Co-trimoxazole

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12
Q

Examples of fluoroquinolones

A

Ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin

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13
Q

Population at high risk of complications of influenza

A

Chronic disease: lung, heart, kidney, liver, CNS, DM
Immunosuppression: immunodeficiency, current/planned/within 6 months of immunosuppressive therapy, low CD4
Pregnancy
>65y, <6m
BMI >40

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14
Q

HIV: overview

A

Retrovirus that infects and replicates within CD4 + T-cells and macrophages
Transmitted by blood, sexual fluids and breast milk
Diagnosed from ELISA for HIV ab and antigen
Treated with ART

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15
Q

Presentation of HIV

A

Primary HIV infection- seroconversion. Flu like symptoms + maculopapular rash
Persistent generalised lymphadenopathy
Complications of immune system dysfunction

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16
Q

Complications of HIV

A

Complications of immune dysfunction- opportunistic infections/malignancy e.g. PCP, candidiasis, toxoplasma, PML, KS
Complicating co morbidity- CV, bone, TB, Hep B/C
Complications of treatment

17
Q

ART:types

A

CCR5 antagonists- inhibit entry of virus into cell
Nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors- inhibit reverse transcriptase and conversion of viral RNA into DNA
Integrase standard transfer inhibitors-inhibit integrase and prevent HIV DNA integrating into nucleus
Protease inhibitors- inhibit protease (involved in maturation of virus particles)
Pharmacokinetic enhancers/boosters- increase effectiveness of ARTs

18
Q

Gastroenteritis: viral

A

Norovirus
Rotavirus
CMV

19
Q

Gastroenteritis: Bacterial

A 
Salmonella
Campylobacter
E.coli 
Shigella
S.aureus
20
Q

Gastroenteritis: parasitic

A

Giardia

Cryptosporidium

21
Q

Diarrhoea - blood causes

A 
Norovirus
Rotavirus 
E.coli
S.aureus
Giardia
Cryptosporidium
22
Q

Diarrhoea + blood- causes

A 
Shigellosis
Campylobacter 
Salmonella
C.diff
CMV
23
Q

Types of Hepatitis and spread

A 
A- faecal oral
B- blood, sex, direct contact 
C- blood, sex
D- blood, sex
E- faecal oral
24
Q

Serology: Hepatitis vaccination

A

+ve Anti-HBs

25
Q

Serology: acute Hepatitis infection

A

Raised LFTs
HepB:
+ve HBsAg
+ve HBeAg

Hep C:
+ve Anti-Hbc IgM
+ve Anti-HBc IgG

26
Q

Serology: Hepatitis carrier

A

Mildly raised LFTs

Hep B:
+ve HBsAg
+/-ve HBeAg
+/-ve Anti-HBe

Hep C:
+/-ve HBc IgM
+ve Anti-HBc IgG

27
Q

Serology: incubated Hepatitis B infection

A

+ve HBsAg

+ve HBeAg

28
Q

Serology: recovering Hepatitis infection

A

Normal LFTs
+ve Anti HBs
+ve Anti- HBc IgG

ID, Breast, Oncology, Derm (4 decks)

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