ID Flashcards
Examples of Gram +ve bacteria
Staphylococci
Streptococci
Enterococci
Clostridium species e.g. c.diff
Examples of Gram -ve bacteria
H.pylori E.coli Shigella, salmonella, campylobacter Klebsiella P.aeruginosa H.infulenzae Neisseria- gonorrhoea
Classes of antibiotics
Penicillins Cephalosporins Carbapenems Lipopeptides and polymyxins Aminoglycosides Macrolides Tetracyclines Folate synthesis inhibitors Fluoroquinolones
Examples of penicillins
Amoxicillin
Piperacillin + tazobactam
Flucloxacillin
Co-amoxiclav
Examples of cephalosporins
Cefalexine
Cefuroxime
Ceforaxime
Ceftriaxone
Examples of carbapenems
Meropenem
Examples of lipopeptides
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin
Examples of aminoglycosides
Gentamicin
Examples of macrolides
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Examples of tetracyclines
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Examples of folate synthesis inhibitors
Trimethoprim
Co-trimoxazole
Examples of fluoroquinolones
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Population at high risk of complications of influenza
Chronic disease: lung, heart, kidney, liver, CNS, DM
Immunosuppression: immunodeficiency, current/planned/within 6 months of immunosuppressive therapy, low CD4
Pregnancy
>65y, <6m
BMI >40
HIV: overview
Retrovirus that infects and replicates within CD4 + T-cells and macrophages
Transmitted by blood, sexual fluids and breast milk
Diagnosed from ELISA for HIV ab and antigen
Treated with ART
Presentation of HIV
Primary HIV infection- seroconversion. Flu like symptoms + maculopapular rash
Persistent generalised lymphadenopathy
Complications of immune system dysfunction
Complications of HIV
Complications of immune dysfunction- opportunistic infections/malignancy e.g. PCP, candidiasis, toxoplasma, PML, KS
Complicating co morbidity- CV, bone, TB, Hep B/C
Complications of treatment
ART:types
CCR5 antagonists- inhibit entry of virus into cell
Nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors- inhibit reverse transcriptase and conversion of viral RNA into DNA
Integrase standard transfer inhibitors-inhibit integrase and prevent HIV DNA integrating into nucleus
Protease inhibitors- inhibit protease (involved in maturation of virus particles)
Pharmacokinetic enhancers/boosters- increase effectiveness of ARTs
Gastroenteritis: viral
Norovirus
Rotavirus
CMV
Gastroenteritis: Bacterial
Salmonella Campylobacter E.coli Shigella S.aureus
Gastroenteritis: parasitic
Giardia
Cryptosporidium
Diarrhoea - blood causes
Norovirus Rotavirus E.coli S.aureus Giardia Cryptosporidium
Diarrhoea + blood- causes
Shigellosis Campylobacter Salmonella C.diff CMV
Types of Hepatitis and spread
A- faecal oral B- blood, sex, direct contact C- blood, sex D- blood, sex E- faecal oral
Serology: Hepatitis vaccination
+ve Anti-HBs
Serology: acute Hepatitis infection
Raised LFTs
HepB:
+ve HBsAg
+ve HBeAg
Hep C:
+ve Anti-Hbc IgM
+ve Anti-HBc IgG
Serology: Hepatitis carrier
Mildly raised LFTs
Hep B:
+ve HBsAg
+/-ve HBeAg
+/-ve Anti-HBe
Hep C:
+/-ve HBc IgM
+ve Anti-HBc IgG
Serology: incubated Hepatitis B infection
+ve HBsAg
+ve HBeAg
Serology: recovering Hepatitis infection
Normal LFTs
+ve Anti HBs
+ve Anti- HBc IgG
