ID Flashcards
Neonatal Infections
Common organisms
GBS, E. coli, Listeria
Neontal Infections TX
Empiric tx: ampicillin gentamicin cefotaxime acyclovir if HSV suspected
Acute bacterial sinusitis
worsening and severe with new fever after symptom resolvement
daytime cough not improving by 10 days
Acute bacterial sinusitis treatement
amoxicillin
Acute pharyngitis organism
B-hemoytic group A strep
Treatment for GAS
Amoxicillin or PRN - first line therapy
Pneumonia Neonates <30 days
E. coli
Group B strep
Listeria
Pneumonia 1-3 months
S. pneumonia
Chlamydia trachoma’s
B. Pertusis
Pneumonia 3mo-18yo
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Chylmadia tracomatis
Strep pneumonia
Treatment pneumonia 1 m- 3m we’ll appearing
amoxicillin
Treatment pneumonia <1mo
ampicillin
gentamicin
4m-5yo pneumonia tx
amoxicillin
> 5yo pneumonia tx
macrolide alone if low suspicion for s. pneumonia
if concern for s. pneumonia add amoxicillin or cephalosporin
cause of croup
parainfluenza
treatment of croup
dex 0.6mg/kg
repeat every 20 mins 1-2 hours racemic epic if needed
Adenovirus
URI, LRI, gatro tract infection, Conjunctivitis
tx of adenovirus in immunocompromised pt.
cidofovir
Meningitis organisms in neonates
GBS, E. coli, listeria
What virus can cause severe encephalitis when the virus is contracted from their mother
herpes simplex virus type 2
meningitis common organisms 3m-9yo
S. pneumoniae
N. meningitis
10yo-18yo common meningitis organisms
N. meningitis
H. influenza (unvaccinated population)
Most common cause of viral meningoencephalitis
Enteroviruses
encephalitis in older patients WITHOUT nuchal rigidity.
triad of fever, headache, and altered level of consciousness
treatment of meningitis newborn
cefoaxime plus ampicillin with or without gentamicin
Tx of meningitis 1m-4yo
Cefriaxone/ cefotaxime plus vancomycin
Tx of meningitis 5-13 years and adults
Ceftriaxone or cefotaxime plus vancomycin
Tx duration N. Meningitis
5-7 days
Vanc + 3rd generation cephalosporin
Tx duration H. Influenza
7-10 days
Tx duration of S. pneumonia 10-14 days
Vanc + third generation cephalosporin (ceftrizxone)
Tx of gram negativee bacilli time of treatment
minimum of 21 days or 14 days beyond the first negative CSF culture whichever is longer
Otitis media common organism
Streptococcus pneumonia
Moraxella Catarrhalis
H. influenza
AOM first line tx
amoxicillin
AOM tx not tolerating PO
IM ceftriaxone
Failure of initial therapy with amoxicillin at 3 days suggests infection with
B-lactamase producing
h. influenza
M. catarrhalis
S. pneumoniae
Antibiotic therapy appendicitis
broad spectrum of gram positive, gram negative, and anaerobic bacteria
Single dose B-lactam (ampicillin) and flagyl
multi dosing amingolycoside based combo therapy for appendicitits
Ampicillin, gentamicin and flagyl
C. diff abx tx
d/c abx causing issues
PO flagyl
PO vanc for ill children who do not respond to flagyl PO
or may start Iv flagyl
Fever of unknown origin most likely
EBV, bartonella henselae, UTI and osteomyelitis
Tuberculosis (TB) organism
M. Tuberculosis
age group most likely for TB to progress to disease
under 2
peaks at adolescence
Kids with HIV
TX of TB meningitis
dexamethasone for first 2 weeks then tapered for 2 weeks
TX of tb
rifampin (hepatitis concern)
Isoniazid
Rifampin
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
testing TTB
PPD
IGRA
Chest x ray
xDR TB
fluoroquinolone amikacin
common organisms of maleria
P. falciparum
P. Vivax
P. ovale
P. malaria
P. Knowlesi
A traveder returning from an endemic area has _______ until proven otherwise
maleria
Diagnosis of Maleria
used to compare thick and thin blood during fever spikes
now have rapid diagnostic test
Tx of maleria chloroquine resistant
Atovaquone-proguanil
and
artemether lumefantrine are first line treatment for chloroquine resistant maleria
Tx of severe malaria
IV quinidine
combined with dox and clindamycin
or artesunate
Pertusis tx
Macrolide abx
Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, erythormycin
what abx would you not give to an infant when treating for pertussis
erythromycin
-pyloric stenosis
Prevention of pertussis
DTAP
lyme dx organism
borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes
early localized lyme dx
erythema migrans rash
Fever, HA, myalgia, arthralgia,
Early disseminated lyme dx
weeks to months after infection
multiple erythema migrans lesions, bell palsy, myocarditis with or without various degrees of heart block, and lymphocytic meningitis
Late disease Lyme disease
monoarticular large joint arthritis
Treatment of lyme disease
Doxycline for 10 days
Amox for 14 days
cefuroxime 14 days
alternative tx for lyme dx
azithromycin for 14 days
Tx of arthritis in lyme dx
same tx as initial tx but for 28 days
if reoccurent give IV doxy for 14-28 days
Tx of mycarditits from lyme dx
cetriaxone 14-21 days
CNS dx due to lyme dx
Ceftriazone for 14 days
Treatment of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Do NOT wait to start treatment for serologic confirmation
Doxcycline is favored for all ages 7-10 days and continue until fever has ceased for 72 hours and clinical disease has resolved.
Fluoroquinonlones may be effective.
