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Exams > Ict - computers > Flashcards

Ict - computers Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of a computer

A
  • input data
  • store data
  • process data
  • store data
  • output data
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2
Q

CPU

A

Central Processing Unit

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3
Q

What is the function of the CPU?

A

To perform all processing of the computer

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4
Q

Hardware

A

Physical components of a computer system. Computers require hardware to exist

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5
Q

Two types of hardware

A

external and internal

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6
Q

software

A

something that you install onto your computer that has its own code.
The programs and applications that you run.

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7
Q

External Hardware

A

peripherals

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8
Q

Examples of external hardware

A
  • a mouse,
  • keyboard,
  • microphone,
  • camera,
  • touchpad,
  • scanner,
  • USB flash drive or memory card
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9
Q

Input device

A

piece of hardware that is used to enter data into a computer

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10
Q

Two categories of input devices:

A

manual and automatic input devices

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11
Q

scanner

A

converts images or text on paper into a digital format that can be used by the computer

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12
Q

How does a scanner work?

A
  1. Shining a beam of light onto the surface of the object that you are scanning.
  2. This light is then reflected back onto a sensor that detects the colour of the light.
  3. This is then used to build up the digital image.
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13
Q

Advantages of scanners

A
  • Produces high quality images
  • Image can be included in electronic documents
  • Digitised images can be enhanced by software
  • Can convert old material into digital copies
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14
Q

Disadvantages of scanners

A
  • can take up a lot of space
  • Images can lose some quality when digitised
  • Quality of final image is dependent on quality of original image
  • Emotional value is taken away
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15
Q

How does a barcode reader work?

A
  • Scan or ‘read’ the barcode by using a visible red light.
  • The reflected light is translated into digital data that is interpreted by the computer to identify the product and price from the database.
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16
Q

OMR (Optical Mark Reader)

A

It detects the presence of your pencil mark by reflecting light onto it.
Less light is reflected where a mark has been made.

17
Q

Advantages of OMR

A
  • A fast method of inputting large amounts of data.
  • Only one computer needed to collect and process the data
  • more accurate than data being keyed in by a person
18
Q

Disadvantages of OMR

A
  • If the marks don’t fill the space completely, they may not be read correctly
  • Not suitable for text input
  • Prepared forms which will all be identical to one another. well designed
19
Q

Optical Character Recognition (OCR)

A

used to scan text on a document or piece of paper into the computer.
The OCR software then examines the page and changes the letters into a form that can be edited or processed by a normal word processing package (WORD)

20
Q

Advantages of OCR

A
  • cheaper than paying someone to enter data manually
  • faster than manual entry
  • software can manipulate data
21
Q

Disadvantages of OCR

A
  • not 100% accurate
  • documents needed to be checked and corrected
  • if original document has a lot of mistakes, it will influence final product
22
Q

output device

A

piece of hardware that is used to display or output data which has been processed or has been stored on the computer

23
Q

Laser printers

A
  • Laser printers are used in many workplaces because they are quiet.
  • prints a large number of sheets quickly
  • produce high quality documents.
24
Q

Advantages of laser printers

A
  • high quality printouts
  • fast printouts
  • quiet printouts
  • cost per page is low
25
Q

Disadvantages of laser printers

A
  • expensive to buy
  • toner is more expensive
  • expensive to repair
  • fairly bulky
26
Q

Inkjet printer

A
  • They operate by heating the ink as it flows through a set of tiny nozzles.
  • The heating process = small droplet of ink to form.
  • This is released as a single dot.
27
Q

Advantages of Inkjet Printers

A
  • cheap to buy
  • compact
  • cartridges cheap to replace
  • faster than a dot-matrix
28
Q

Disadvantages of Inkjet printers

A
  • noisier than laser printers
  • colour printing can be slow
  • cost per page is more expensive
  • ink will smudge
29
Q

Plotters

A
  • specialist type of printer
  • draws high quality images on very large pieces of paper
  • used by engineers, architects and map-makers
30
Q

How does a plotter work?

A
  • it draws images using a pen that can be lowered, raised and moved across the paper to form continuous lines
  • pen is moved around the paper by computer controlled motors
31
Q

Operating System (OS)

A

core software that allows a computer to run as an useful device

32
Q

Functions of OS

A
  • Providing a user interface
  • Managing the computer’s memory
  • Managing the hardware
33
Q

User Interface (UI)

A

The part of computer application through which a user interacts with a program.

34
Q

Wimp or Graphical User Interface interface (GIU)

A

makes use of pictures, graphics and icons.
Windows - a rectangular area on the screen where the commonly used applications run
Icons - a picture or symbol which is used to represent a software application or hardware device
Menus - a list of options from which the user can choose what they require
Pointers - a symbol such as an arrow which moves around the screen as you move your mouse. Helps you to select objects.

Exams (4 decks)

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