ICT Applications Flashcards
newsletter and posters
-Paper-based communication is used to inform people about their interests
-Schools use these to inform parents about events/dates
advantages of newsletters and posters
-Released regularly
-The recipients have a permanent copy
disadvantage of newsletters and posters
-Requires distribution
-There are no special effects, sound/video/animation
-There are printing costs, paper/ink
-The targeted audience may or may not receive the information
what is a website
-Collection of webpages, text, graphics, video, and sound
-Hosted on a web server on the internet
-Need to write code or use a web authoring application
-Hyperlinks to other pages can be added
what are some advantages of Website
-Ability to add sound/video/animation
-Links to other websites/hyperlinks
-Worldwide advertising capability
what are some disadvantages
-Can be hacked and modified, or viruses introduced
-Need for a computer and internet connection
-Need to maintain the website once it is set up
multimedia presentation
Uses a mixture of media to present information: animations, video, sound, transitions, hyperlinks
usually uses a projector so a large audience can view
advantages of multimedia presentation
-Use of sound and animation/video effects
-Interactive/hyperlinks built into presentations
-More likely to hold the audience’s attention
disadvantages of multimedia presentation
need specific equipment and can be expensive
generally need an internet connection
media streaming
-real-time transition of audio and video files over the internet
-allows users to access content without downloading it to their devices
advantages of media streaming
-Uses can access any information at any time and from any location
-Offers an extensive library of content
disadvantage of media streaming
-heavily relies on a stable and high-speed internet connection.
-Not all content is available on every streaming platform due to licensing agreements and exclusivity deals.
ePublications
digital versions of printed materials, such as eBooks, eMagazines, and eNewspapers.
advantage of ePublications
-aid portability
-They are often more affordable than paperback books
disadvantage of ePublications
-reading from an electronic device for a prolonged time can cause eyestrain
-ePublications lack the tactile experience and physical presence that some readers enjoy
types of mobile communication
Short message service (SMS) messaging
Phone calls
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
Video calls
you would need an internet connection for all of the above to work
modelling application
computer modelling uses mathematical formulas to mimic IRL so that you are able to test things (without wasting resources on attempts)
advantage of using models
-using models is less expensive than having to build the real thing
-safer to use a computer model
-allows you to try out various different scenarios in advance
-nearly impossible to try out some tasks in advance in real life due to high risk
-faster to use a computer model than to do the real thing
disadvantage of using models
-model can’t be completely reliant as the output is entirely based on the input
-frequently, computer modelling can be a very costly option
-human reluctance is a common problem in this technology
example of modelling application
- Personal finance
- Bridge and building design
- Flood water management
- Traffic management
- Weather forecasting
Robotics in manufacturing
involves using automated machines to perform tasks such as assembly, welding, and packaging.
These robots are designed to mimic human actions with precision and speed, increasing productivity and quality control. They offer benefits like enhanced worker safety, improved efficiency, etc
Production line control
Computer-controlled systems in production line control.
These systems ensure efficient coordination of machinery, manage inventory, track production metrics, and automate tasks.
They enable real-time data analysis, error detection, etc, and enhancing overall operational efficiency in the production line.
examples of computer controlled systems
Robotics in manufacturing
production line control
automatic cars/self driving vehicles
etc
list some advantages of using computer controlled systems rather than humans
they are create a safer environment for humans
able to finish task faster than humans
able to work in any environment
disadvantages of using computer controlled systems rather than humans
can become expensive to have
can have a a high maintenance cost
lack flex ability
requires constant back up to keep the system safe
ATM
Automatic Teller Machine
ETF
Electronic Funds Transfer
advantages of EFT
-very secure payment method
-very quick payment method
-less expensive than cheques
-the customer has the right to dispute an EFT payment for up to 60 days
disadvantage of EFT
-the bank transaction can’t be reversed without full dispute investigations
-customer needs to have funds available immediately
-cannot guarantee the recipient’s identity
Advantages of credit cards:
-customer protection if ordered goods don’t arrive
internationally accepted payment method
-interest-free loan if money is paid back within the -agreed time period
-can make purchases online
Disadvantages of credit cards
-can be charged high interest rates
-annual fees often apply
-easy to end up with credit damage
-security risks in online transactions
Advantages of debit cards
-money comes from the user’s current account, there is no interest
-safer than carrying cash
-can make online purchases
Disadvantages of debit cards
less customer protection if goods don’t arrive
no credit allowed; funds are needed at the time of purchase
security risks in online transactions
uses of 3D printers in Medicine
Prosthetics
Tissue engineering
Artificial blood vessels
Customised medicines
Expert systems
It is an AI-based computer program that emulates the decision-making capabilities of human experts. It uses knowledge and rules to provide accurate advice or solutions in a specific domain.
an expert system includes ?
a user interface
explanation system
Inference engine
knowledge base
rule base
user interface in a expert system
the only thing that end user can see
allows the user to interact with the system
asks Y/N questions
displays results
explanation system
-Informs the user of the reasoning behind the expert system’s conclusions
-It will supply a conclusion and any suggested actions to take
-It will also give the percentage probability of the accuracy of its conclusions
inference engine
-The main processing element of the system
-It acts like a search engine examining the knowledge base
-Responsible for gathering information
-This is the problem-solving part of the system
-Attempts to use information gathered from the user to find a matching object
knowledge base
-It is a repository of facts
-stores all the knowledge about an area of expertise
-a collection of objects and their attributes
rule base
-The rules base is a set of inference rules.
-Used by the inference engine to draw conclusions
-They follow logical thinking
OMR
Optical Mark recognition
advantages of OMR
-very fast way of inputting the results of a survey
-more accurate than keying in data
-more accurate than OCR methods
disadvantage of OMR
-designing the forms is a very complex job
-there can be problems if they haven’t been filled correctly
-often only work with black pens or pencils
OCR
Optical Character Recognition
advantages of OCR
they use Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) systems in the example
There is no need to employ a car park or security guards.
It’s a much faster system than checking a ticket at the exit.
It can be used as a security system to prevent illegal parking.
It can be used to analyze driver behaviour.
It can be used in inner-city congestion charging systems.
disadvantage of OCR
they use Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) systems in the example
A lack of manned security car park surveillance could lead to vandalism.
There could be an invasion of privacy due to recording drivers’ number plates.
Damaged or very dirty number plates will not be recognized.
The ANPR system only recognizes the number plate and not the car so that a car can be fitted with a cloned number plate, thus bypassing car park security, for example.
