ICPP exam soft

Question 1

RITE acronym major categories of the target sites for drug action

Answer 1

Receptor
Ion channel
Transporters
Enzymes

Question 2

KING acronym for receptors

Answer 2

Kinase linked receptors
Ligand Gated ion channels
Nuclear receptors (intracellular)
G-protein coupled receptors

Question 3

what is the typical range of plasma concs which endocrine signalling molecules exert their effect

Answer 3

10-12M> 10-9M

Question 4

two physiological effects of kinase linked receptor

Answer 4

phosphorylation of proteins e.g. those in signalling cascades.
long term effect- stimulate growth/ differentiation if the tissue.

Question 5

features of cholesterol in plasma membrane

Answer 5

can move laterally within the bilayer with relative freedom as not strongly covalently linked to other molecules.

Question 6

why is the membrane described as fluid mosaic model

Answer 6

same membrane in a cell can contain both fluid and static elements

Question 7

membrane bilayers are bonded together by?

Answer 7

non-covalent bonds.
van Der walls forces between hydrophobic tails
hydrogen bonds between hydrophilic (polar) heads

Question 8

which feature of phospholipids in the membrane maximises greater fluidity of the membrane?

Answer 8

unsaturated bonds

- disrupt the hexagonal packing> allow more movement

Question 9

which reduce fluidity in the plasma membrane

Answer 9

hexagonal packing
saturated bonds
integral proteins

Question 10

name 5 protein compartments of the erythrocyte membrane

Answer 10

integral proteins:
band 3
glycophorin A

Peripheral proteins:
ankyrin
spectrin
band 4.1

Question 11

which proteins prevent flip flop rotation

Answer 11

band 3 and glycophorin A (the integral proteins)

Question 12

which proteins restrict lateral mobility

Answer 12

ankyrin (links spectrin to band 3)

band 4.1 (links spectrin to glycophorin A)

Question 13

Role of spectrin protein in erythrocyte membranes

Answer 13

contributes to shape and flexibility of erythrocyte

Question 14

what is the difference between multi pass membrane protein and a multi subunit membrane protein?

Answer 14

multi pass- single polypeptide chain that penetrates the membrane twice (stitching pattern)

multisubunit- more than one polypeptide chain. one of the sub units anchored to membrane.

Question 15

how do cells resist shrinking?

Answer 15

transport of osmotically active ions into the cell

> causes osmotic gradient where water will flow. inc intracellular volume

Question 16

how does excretion of Na help a patient with hypertension

Answer 16

Na+ are osmotically active. water follows osmotic gradients.

Na excreted>more water lost> reduced circulating blood volume> reduce BP

Question 17

how can SLUDGE be treated?

Answer 17

anti cholinergic drugs e.g. atropine, pralidoxime