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ICPP > ICPP 8 Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

ICPP 8 Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the ANS control?

A

All involuntary functions

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2
Q

Is the ANS afferent or efferent?

A

Entirely efferent
Regulated by afferent inputs

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3
Q

What are the divisions of the ANS?

A

Parasympathetic- rest + digest
Sympathetic - fight or flight

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4
Q

What type of response comes about from the sympathetic response?

A

Fight or flight

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5
Q

What type of response comes about from the parasympathetic response?

A

Rest + digest

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6
Q

Where do the parasympathetic nerves come from?

A

Cranial/medullary region
Sacral region

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7
Q

Where do the sympathetic nerves come from?

A

Thoracic + lumbar region

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8
Q

Are the pre or post ganglionic axons myelinated?

A

Pre-ganglionic - myelinated
Post-ganglionic - unmyelinted

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9
Q

Cholinergic meaning

A

Uses acetylcholine as neurotransmitter

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10
Q

What neurotransmitter is released from all pre ganglionic neurons?

A

Acetylcholine

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11
Q

What receptors does pre-ganglionic ACh act on?

A

Nicotinic ACh receptors

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12
Q

What type of receptor are nicotinic ACh receptors?

A

Ligand gated channels

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13
Q

What neurotransmitters do parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurons release?

A

Acetylcholine

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14
Q

What neurotransmitters do MOST sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons release?

A

Noradrenaline

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15
Q

What receptors do post-ganglionic ACh act on?

A

Muscarinic ACh receptor

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16
Q

What receptors do post-ganglionic NA act on?

A

Adrenoreceptors
(Alpha 1 + 2)
(Beta 1, 2 + 3)

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17
Q

What does noradrenergic mean?

A

Uses noradrenaline as neurotransmitter

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18
Q

What type of a receptor are muscarinic ACh receptors?

A

GPCR

19
Q

What type of receptors are adrenoreceptors?

A

GPCR

20
Q

What neurotransmitters do SOME sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons release?

A

Acetylcholine

21
Q

What do sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons in adrenal glands differentiate into?

A

Neurosecretory chromaffin cells

22
Q

What do chromaffin cells do?

A

Release adrenaline to blood stream from adrenal medulla

23
Q

What are chromaffin cells?

A

Post ganglion sympathetic neurons which don’t project to a target tissue
Release adrenaline from adrenal medulla

24
Q

Effect of parasympathetic release of ACh on heart

A

bradycardia - SAN
decrease cardiac conduction velocity - AVN

25
Q

Effect of parasympathetic release of ACh on smooth muscle

A

bonchial contraction - lungs
^ intestinal mobility/secretion - GI tract
bladder contraction + relaxation - GU tract
penile erection - GU tract
ciliary muscles + iris sphincter contraction - eye

26
Q

Effect of parasympathetic release of ACh on glands

A

Increase sweat, salivary + lacrimal secretion

27
Q

What receptor does ACh from the parasympathetic post ganglionic neuron act on in heart?

A

Muscarinic
M2

28
Q

What receptor does ACh from the parasympathetic post ganglionic neuron act on in smooth muscle?

A

Muscarinic
M3

29
Q

What receptor does ACh from the parasympathetic post ganglionic neuron act on in glands?

A

Muscarinic
M1/3

30
Q

What receptor does NA from the sympathetic post ganglionic neuron act on in heart?

A

Beta adrenoreceptors
B1
one heart two lungs

31
Q

What receptor does NA from the sympathetic post ganglionic neuron act on in smooth muscle?

A

B2

32
Q

Effect of sympathetic release of NA on heart

A

Tachycardia - SAN
Positive inotropy/contraction - ventricles

33
Q

Effect of sympathetic release of NA on smooth muscle

A

arteriolar + venous contraction - vasculature
bronchiolar/intestinal/uterine relaxation - lungs,GI/GU tract
bladder sphincter contraction - GU tract
radial muscle contraction - eye

34
Q

Effect of sympathetic release of NA on glands

A

Increased secretion - salivary

35
Q

Effect of sympathetic release of NA on kidney

A

Renin release

36
Q

Which sympathetic post ganglions neurones release ACh?

A

Those innervating sweat glands and hair follicles

37
Q

Sympathic nervous system targets

A

Blood vessels

38
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system targets

A

Glands

39
Q

What axons are myelinated?

A

Pre ganglionic axons

40
Q

What lies either side of the spinal cord in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic chains - chain of ganglia

41
Q

What do transversing sympathetic nerves form?

A

Splanchic nerves

42
Q

How do sympathetic nerves get to the GI tract?

A

Transverse&raquo_space; splanchnic nerves

43
Q

What are the 4 specialised parasympathetic ganglia in the head?

A

Ciliary ganglion
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Submandibular ganglion
Otic ganglion

ICPP (18 decks)

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