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CCNA > ICND 1 - 2.Models > Flashcards

ICND 1 - 2.Models Flashcards

1
Q

What is data called at the Application, Presentation, and Session layers?

A

data

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2
Q

What is the data called at the Transport layer?

A

segments

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3
Q

What is the data called at the Network layer?

A

packets

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4
Q

What is the data called at the Data Link layer?

A

frames

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5
Q

What is the data called at the Physical layer?

A

bits

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6
Q

What are the names of the seven layers of the OSI model?

A 
L7 Application 
L6 Presentation
L5 Session
L4 Transport
L3 Network
L2 Data Link
L1 Physical
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7
Q

Name some protocols and services that run at L7 (Application Layer)?

A
  • Email proocols SMTP and Pop3
  • Telnet
  • HTTP
  • File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
  • Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
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8
Q

What are the 4 primary tasks that the Presentation layer are concerned with?

A
  1. Compatibility with the OS
  2. Proper encapsulation of data for network transmission
  3. Data formatting (ascii, binarry)
  4. Data encryption, compression, and translation.
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9
Q

What are some of the file types used at the Presentation layer?

A

JPEG, ASCII, GIF, MPEG, MIDI, EBCDIC, and TIFF.

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10
Q

What is the main job of the Session layer?

A

Manager of the two-way communication between two remote hosts.

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11
Q

What is the pupose of the Transport Layer?

A

To establish a logical end-to-end connection between two systems, segment data received from the upper layers of the OSI Model, and to make sure the data gets to the destination in the correct order and free of errors.

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12
Q

At the Transport Layer, what are the two methods of transporting data?

A
  1. Connection-oriented - referring to TCP

2. Connectionless - referring to UDP

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13
Q

What is the Network Layer often called?

A

“The Routing Layer”

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14
Q

What are four major specifications that run on the Data Link Layer?

A
  1. Ethernet
  2. High Data Link Control (HDLC)
  3. Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
  4. Frame Relay
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15
Q

How does the data link layer perform error detection?

A

Through something called the “Frame Check Sequence”.

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16
Q

The Data link layer performs error recovery. True/False

A

False - It performs error detection, not error recovery

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17
Q

What are two names that MAC addresses are sometimes called?

A

Hardware and physical addresses. This is because a MAC address is physically burned into the Network Interface Card (NIC).

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18
Q

What is another name for the MAC address?

A

Burned-in Address (BIA)

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19
Q

Which layer do switches and bridges operate at?

A

Data Link Layer (L2)

20
Q

What is the difference between Error Detection and Error Recovery.

A

Error detection - detecting the error

Error recovery - fixing the error.

21
Q

What does the data link layer use to detect errors?

A

Frame Check Sequence (FCS)

22
Q

What is the combination of data and layer specific header called?

A

Protocol Data Unit (PDU)

23
Q

The combination of data and L7 header information is called an L7 PDU. What is the data and L6 header informatino called?

A

L6 PDU, L5 PDU etc…

24
Q

After data is successfully transmitted by the Physical layer to the remote location and the data begins to travel back up the OSI model. Can the L3 layer remove any other layers header?

A

No, only the same layer can remove its layers header. L3 to L3, L5 to L5, etc..

25
Q

The process of a given OSI layer removing the header placed on the data by the same layer on the send side is called what?

A

Same-Layer Interaction.

26
Q

The interaction between layers of the OSI model on the same host is termed?

A

Adjacent-Layer Interaction

27
Q

What are the layers of the TCP/IP model?

A

Application
Transport
Internet
Network Access

28
Q

The Application layer of the TCP/IP model maps to which layer(s) of the OSI model?

A

Application
Presentation
Session

29
Q

The Transport layer of the TCP/IP model maps to which layer(s) of the OSI model?

30
Q

What operates at the Transport Layer of the TCP/IP model and what form does the data take?

A

TCP and UDP, data takes the form of segments.

31
Q

What does TCP stand for?

A

Transmission Control Protocol.

32
Q

What does UDP stand for?

A

User Datagram Protocol.

33
Q

Which layer does TCP and UDP operate?

A

Transport Layer.

34
Q

Name some differences betweeen TCP and UDP.

A

TCP:

  • Guaranteed delivery
  • Error detection via sequence and ACK numbers
  • Windowing
  • “Connection-Oriented”

UDP:

  • “best-effor” delivery, but no guarantee of delivery
  • No error detection
  • No windowing
  • “Connectionless”
35
Q

How does the TCP “Three-Way Handshake” work?

A

Sender sends a Synchronization (“SYN”) bit set to the recipient.
Recipient responds with sending back the SYN and ACK bits. (SYN/ACK).

Sender then sends back a Acknowledgement (ACK) bit in return.

36
Q

Does UDP use the “Three-Way Handshake?

37
Q

Describe the process of “Positive Acknowledgement with Retransmission (PAR).

A

Its a UDP process of setting a timer and retransmitting data if not recieved in time.

  • Sender is waiting for a positive message from the recipient that data was received.
  • if that message isn’t received, the data is retransmitted.
38
Q

What is “Windowing”?

A

Refers to the amount of data that a data sender is allowed to transmit without waiting for an ack.

39
Q

Who decides the size of the window of data being sent? Recipient or Sender?

A

Recipient - This gives the recipient some control over how much data is sent (“flow control”)

40
Q

What does the data recipient do with the window size if it sees no errors at a given data size?

A

It will increase the window size to allow more data through at a time.

41
Q

What does the data recipient do with the window size if it starts to see errors at a given size?

A

It will decrease the size of the window to allow less data through.

42
Q

What is the term for the dynamic adjustment of the window size?

A

Sliding Window

43
Q

What three values do TCP and UDP headers have in common?

A
  • Source port
  • Destination port
  • Checksum
44
Q

How does a receipient PC know how to distinguesh multiple forms of data coming in at the smae time? ( i.e. SMTP, Telnet, TFTP)

A

By using pre assigned port numbers.

45
Q

What is the mixing of data streams call?

A

Multiplexing

46
Q

What is a socket in networking?

A

Its a combination of IP address and port number.

CCNA (2 decks)

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