iclickers Flashcards
Dr. Scott practiced clinically at which of the following
IU hospital
all of the following is true about Dr. Scotts interests except
enjoys fishing (does like to read, purdue sports, classical music, 4 grandkids)
Dr. Scott served as president of which of the following organizations
American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
Population health looks for differences in health outcomes among groups of patients in the general population or a population subset
true
health promotion and wellness programs (nutrition, exercise, medication) are the most appropriate and useful to implement in which of the following groups of patients on the patient care continuum
No-or low risk patients
Easiest kind of data to acquire to use identify population health issues is
claims data
according to healthy people 2020 data, the access to health services is not impacted by family income
false
2020 the leading cause of mortality for children in US was
firearms
life expectancy, maternal mortality, and infant mortality data in US is superior to most other nations
false
Dr. Zillich would be a great resource if you wanted to
learn how to brew your own beer
cost of pain and suffering are examples of intangible costs and are difficult to measure
true
cost minimization analysis is only useful when the outcomes are equal
ture
which of the following is example of direct medical cost
medications, lab tests, provider charges, hospital charges
cost effectiveness analysis is commonly used to compare a new treatment to a standard treatment
true
when comparing two therapeutic agents in a pharmacoeconomic analysis, all cost associated with the drug should be taken into account
true
which of the following types of PE analysis is used when you want to measure the quality of outcomes produced and is usually measured in quality adjusted life year
cost-utility analysis
which of the following is not a surrogate endpoint that is used to evaluate the potential benefits of using tirzepatide to treat patients with DM
deduction in CV mortality
Study of the utilization and effects of drugs in large numbers of people is best defined as
pharmacoepidemiology
which is likely to identify a drug or therapy that will perform in real world settings
comparative effectiveness research, pragmatic clinical trials
pharmacovigilance studies are used to identify undetected AFRs or safety related aspects of marketed drugs
true
pharmacoepidemiologic and pharmacovigilance studies are.
non-experimental (observational)
typical randomized controlled trial may determine the efficacy of a drug but may not determine if the drug will achieve its desired effect in a real world setting
true
RCTs have a higher degree of external validity than pragmatic trials
false
pharmacovigilance studies typically uses observational data from a single database from a small targeted population
false
which of the following complications associated with use of fluoroquinolones was teased out from data in post marketing pharmacovigilance studies
Disabling peripheral neuropathies/myopathies
Retail prescription drug constitute the largest share (as a percentage) of all categories associated with national health expenditure
false
individuals >50 years old consume the largest share of health care spending in the US (50%)
true
strength of the US healthcare system
well equipped healthcare facilities, exceptionally trained healthcare professionals, choice in providers, new technologies
Which accounts for the largest number of preventable deaths in the US
Drug overdose
major identity discourses identified in the discussion paper by Keeler
dispenser, apothecary, healthcare provider, merchandiser
except during the pandemic the largest portion of public health financing and services comes from the federal government
true
one of the reasons why drug costs are higher in the US than in other comparable countries is share of the prescriptions dispensed that are generic is FAR LESS in the US than in other countries
false
Which of the following is the most common type of insurance coverage
employer provided
when implemented in 1966, Medicare, only provided which coverage
in-patient hospital care
Affordable Care Act expanded the eligibility of individuals to be covered by Medicaid and has been adopted in most states except which region
South
The percentage of patients on Medicare that choose the managed care option (Medicare Advantage) has grown significantly over the last 10 years
true
Medicaid per enrollee spending is significantly greater for the elderly and individuals with disabilities compared to children and adults
true
which of the following changed Dr. Pastakia’s career projection
the AIDs epidemic
which of the following has the greatest impact on health and life expectancy
socioeconomic factors
life expectancy for type 1 diabetics is lowest in which region
africa
Higher income populations are more insulated from the impacts of SDOH and tend to have better outcomes
true
routine use of EMRs in health systems has made the transmission of medical information about a patient less burdensome for providers as long as they are in the same health system
true
for 87 yo patients with multiple chronic diseases and medications, who lives alone, and has mobility issues, all of the following individuals are logical to include in a transitions of care and pre-discharge conferences
pharmacist, primary caregiver, physical therapist, nurse care coordinator
someone from the transitions of care team should follow up with the patient within
1-2 days
which of the following is commonly performed by pharmacists/technicians/Rx students when a patient is admitted to a hospital to verify the current list of medications a patient is taking
Medication reconciliation
which of the following groups is the fastest growing segment of the US population
hispanic
which of the following racial groups in the US has the highest incidence of maternal mortality per 100K of the population?
black
which of the following pieces of legislation passed by congress played the greatest role in desegregating hospitals and opening medical care to people of color
Medicare
according to the author of the podcast and assigned article, one means to help assure pharmaco equity is to make the RIGHT choice in the EHR the____ choice in the ENR
easy
the managed care version of Medicare is which of the following
Part C
The major reason for the implementation of managed care strategies to health care is
improve outcomes
Accountable care organizations assume some financial risks if the cost of the care is greater than the negotiated price with the payor
true
during the past15 years, there has been a major shift towards which of the following types of health care plans for covered workers
high-deductible health plans
specialty drugs are most likely to be placed in which tier
tier 5
in addition to obtaining certification in diabetes Dr. Fields has obtained certification in which of the following
Cardiology
interventions by clinical pharmacists at Cummins have resulted in a significant cost saving for metformin
true
the percentage of diabetics at Cummins with a A1c <8% is significantly greater than the national average
true
Approval of individual PAs for Indiana Medicaid by which of the following
pharmacist
Mr. Musial uses data analytics extensively in his work with respect to formulary and coverage decisions
true
which of the following drug categories consumes the largest dollar amount of drug expenditures for pediatric patients covered by IN medicaid
drugs for behavioral health
which of the following drug categories will likely consume the largest dollar amount of drug expenditures for IN medicaid moving forward
specialty medications
The industry standard for sharing healthcare cost between employers and employees is now
employer 75% employee 25%
purdue employees have to meet their deductible each year before any preventative medical service or medication is covered
false
which of the following is true about self insured health plans
allows for more customization of plans
employers typically pay___ of total annual salary each year for employee benefits
25-30%
The veteran population served by VA is younger and more diverse than previous decades
true
most prescriptions in the VA system are processed in which of the following locations
VA mail order facilities
prior authorizations in the VA system are approved or denied by which of the following
pharmacists at individual VA facilities
Pharmacist in primary and specialty care clinics at VA facilities can prescribe as mid-level practitioners
True
The government impacts all aspects of supply chain via regulations
true
which of the following classifications of drugs have been hit hardest by the drug shortage crisis
generic injectables
based on the best aggregate data, the causes of drug shortages in 2023 in the US is which of the following
unknown/wouldnt provide information
manufacturers of brand name products typically reduce the price of their drug product during the 6 month period prior to end of their products market exclusivity
false
which of the following is not consistent with most specialty medications
easy reimbursement mechanism
specialty medication now account for >50% of the drug spend in the US
true
Walgreens has both centralized specialty pharmacies (telehealth based) and community based walk in specialty pharmacies
True
the FDA determines if a specialty medication will be available via an open or a controlled distribution model
false
Specialty pharmacies typically employ more pharmacists and technicians than the typical community pharmacy
True
Patients on Medicare and Medicaid can use Co-Pay cards to defray some of their costs associated with specialty medications
False
