ICF/WHO Model and Movement Systems

Question 1

ICF(WHO) Model Explanation =

Answer 1

classification of three health related domains that describe body functions and structures, activities and participation

interaction is bi-directional

incorrect to infer a limitation in capacity from a given impairment

necessary to examine all the constructs independently and then explore associations between them

Question 2

A list of environmental and personal factors is included because =

Answer 2

an individual’s functioning and ability levels emerge according to their individual context.

Question 3

Interventions in one area can potentially modify =

Answer 3

other components producing the dynamic interaction among the domains and contextual factors.

Question 4

Body component is comprised of two separate classifications =

Answer 4

body functions and body structures

Question 5

Body functions are the =

Answer 5

physiological functions of body systems (including psychological functions)

Question 6

Body structures are =

Answer 6

anatomical parts of the body (for example organs, limbs and their components)

Question 7

Activities and Participation =

Answer 7

denotes components of functioning from both an individual and a societal perspective

Tasks can be coded independently as activity or participation, and they can also be coded as both, indicating an overlap between the domains

Question 8

Activity is the =

Answer 8

“execution of a task or action by an individual”

Question 9

Participation is =

Answer 9

“involvement in a life situation”

“involvement” is defined as “taking part, being included or engaged in an area of life, being accepted, or having access to needed resources.”

Question 10

Performance qualifier =

Answer 10

describes what an individual does in their present environment

More specifically, performance can be defined as “involvement in a life situation” in the actual context in which they live

Question 11

Capacity qualifier =

Answer 11

describes how an individual executes a task or an action in a given environment at a given moment

This is often a “standardized” environment in an attempt to assess the full ability of the individual

Question 12

Environmental factors =

Answer 12

composed of the interplay between the physical, social and the attitudinal world

Examples: the interactions between air quality and breathing, light and seeing, sounds and hearing, and ground surface and balance

Environmental factors can also be extrinsic to the individual (e.g. the attitudes of the society, the legal system, environmental barriers)

Question 13

Personal factors =

Answer 13

the other component of contextual factors

They are not specifically classified due to the variability between social and cultural characteristics

include such items such as: gender, race, age, education level, coping styles and fitness

Question 14

History and Interview =

Answer 14

Gain an understanding of the patient as an individual

Determine roles, goals and expectations

Question 15

Enablement Perspective =

Answer 15

-Individuals participation and roles

-Explores skills and resources required for fulfilling those roles

Question 16

Disablement Perspective =

Answer 16

-Begins with analysis from the underlying disease or pathology

-Looks at the presence of signs/symptoms and impairments associated with the condition

Question 17

Movement systems approach =

Answer 17

In this approach with use a variety of diagnostic tasks to determine a movement systems label or diagnosis

8 diagnoses

Question 18

8 diagnoses =

Answer 18

Movement pattern coordination deficit
Force production deficit
Fractioned movement deficit
Postural vertical deficit
Sensory selection and weighting deficit
Sensory detection deficit
Hypokinesia
Dysmetria

Question 19

Hypothesis Oriented Clinical Practice =

Answer 19

Generate several alternative hypotheses about potential causes

Determine crucial tests and expected outcomes to rule out one or more hypotheses

Carry out tests

Continue the process of generating and testing hypotheses, refining understanding of the causes of the problem

Question 20

Task-Oriented Approach to Examination =

Answer 20

Quantification of functional abilities

Description of the strategies used to accomplish functional skills

Quantification of underlying sensory, motor, and cognitive impairments that constrain functional movement

Question 21

Diagnostic Tasks =

Answer 21

Quiet Sitting
Step-up
Sit to/from stand
Walking
Quiet standing
Complex walking
Standing feet together
Reach, grasp, and In-hand manipulation

Question 22

Examination at the Functional Level =

Answer 22

Performance-based versus self-reported functional measures = Some agencies may not accept self-report

Task-specific tests and measures

Age-specific tests and measures

Diagnosis-specific tests and measures

Measuring disability—function in a social and physical context

Question 23

Underlying Causes of Movement Dysfunction =

Answer 23

Underlying Causes of Movement Dysfunction = Identify possible underlying musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, integumentary, and/or cardiovascular and pulmonary impairment(s)

Fall under 4 categories
> neuromuscular
> biomechanical
> behavioral
> caradiopulm

Question 24

Neuromuscular =

Answer 24

(structures/ pathways that participate in motor control)

Question 25

Biomechanical =

Answer 25

(structure and properties of, musintegumentcles, joints, etc.)

Question 26

Behavioral =

Answer 26

(cognitive, motivational, perceptual, emotional)

Question 27

Cardiovascular/Pulmonary =

Answer 27

(sufficient energy supply)

Question 28

Examination at the Activity Level =

Answer 28

Choosing appropriate tests and measures
> Use theoretical and standardized measures as opposed to personal reason

Limitations of functional tests and measures
> Functional measures do not provide information for why the patient is dependent in performing functional skills

> Remember to include how they perform the task, not just if they performed the task

Question 29

Examination at the Strategy Level—Qualitative Measures of Function =

Answer 29

Strategies largely determine level of performance

Limitations to a strategy examination of function
> Limited information exists defining sensory, motor, and cognitive strategies

Question 30

Examination at the Impairment/Body Structure and Function Level =

Answer 30

Examine those that potentially constrain functional movement skills
> neuromuscular system
> musculoskeletal system
> cardiopulm systems
> integumentary system

Question 31

Results of Examination =

Answer 31

Clinicians can translate information gained through the exam and identifying a list of patient problems

Examination -> List of patient problems -> Reflect on functional limitations and disablement -> Focus of interventions strategies on anticipated goals and expected outcomes

Question 32

Task-Oriented Approach to Intervention =

Answer 32

Resolve, reduce, or prevent impairments

Develop effective and efficient task_specific strategies

Adapt functional goal_oriented strategies to changing task and environmental conditions to maximize participation and minimize disability

Question 33

Complete Recovery =

Answer 33

is achieving function through original processes

Question 34

Motor Recovery =

Answer 34

is reacquisition of movement skill lost through injury, through a substitution of neural processes

Question 35

Compensation =

Answer 35

is behavioral substitution; that is, alternative behavioral strategies are adopted to complete a task

Compensation is achieving function through alternative behavioral and neural processes

Question 36

Complete Recovery versus Motor Recovery versus Compensation =

Answer 36

Time-based decision-making process
> setting
> patient goals

Nature of impairment decision-making process
> permanent
> temporary