ICF/WHO Model and Movement Systems Flashcards
ICF(WHO) Model Explanation =
classification of three health related domains that describe body functions and structures, activities and participation
interaction is bi-directional
incorrect to infer a limitation in capacity from a given impairment
necessary to examine all the constructs independently and then explore associations between them
A list of environmental and personal factors is included because =
an individual’s functioning and ability levels emerge according to their individual context.
Interventions in one area can potentially modify =
other components producing the dynamic interaction among the domains and contextual factors.
Body component is comprised of two separate classifications =
body functions and body structures
Body functions are the =
physiological functions of body systems (including psychological functions)
Body structures are =
anatomical parts of the body (for example organs, limbs and their components)
Activities and Participation =
denotes components of functioning from both an individual and a societal perspective
Tasks can be coded independently as activity or participation, and they can also be coded as both, indicating an overlap between the domains
Activity is the =
“execution of a task or action by an individual”
Participation is =
“involvement in a life situation”
“involvement” is defined as “taking part, being included or engaged in an area of life, being accepted, or having access to needed resources.”
Performance qualifier =
describes what an individual does in their present environment
More specifically, performance can be defined as “involvement in a life situation” in the actual context in which they live
Capacity qualifier =
describes how an individual executes a task or an action in a given environment at a given moment
This is often a “standardized” environment in an attempt to assess the full ability of the individual
Environmental factors =
composed of the interplay between the physical, social and the attitudinal world
Examples: the interactions between air quality and breathing, light and seeing, sounds and hearing, and ground surface and balance
Environmental factors can also be extrinsic to the individual (e.g. the attitudes of the society, the legal system, environmental barriers)
Personal factors =
the other component of contextual factors
They are not specifically classified due to the variability between social and cultural characteristics
include such items such as: gender, race, age, education level, coping styles and fitness
History and Interview =
Gain an understanding of the patient as an individual
Determine roles, goals and expectations
Enablement Perspective =
-Individuals participation and roles
-Explores skills and resources required for fulfilling those roles
Disablement Perspective =
-Begins with analysis from the underlying disease or pathology
-Looks at the presence of signs/symptoms and impairments associated with the condition
Movement systems approach =
In this approach with use a variety of diagnostic tasks to determine a movement systems label or diagnosis
8 diagnoses
8 diagnoses =
Movement pattern coordination deficit
Force production deficit
Fractioned movement deficit
Postural vertical deficit
Sensory selection and weighting deficit
Sensory detection deficit
Hypokinesia
Dysmetria
Hypothesis Oriented Clinical Practice =
Generate several alternative hypotheses about potential causes
Determine crucial tests and expected outcomes to rule out one or more hypotheses
Carry out tests
Continue the process of generating and testing hypotheses, refining understanding of the causes of the problem
Task-Oriented Approach to Examination =
Quantification of functional abilities
Description of the strategies used to accomplish functional skills
Quantification of underlying sensory, motor, and cognitive impairments that constrain functional movement
Diagnostic Tasks =
Quiet Sitting
Step-up
Sit to/from stand
Walking
Quiet standing
Complex walking
Standing feet together
Reach, grasp, and In-hand manipulation
Examination at the Functional Level =
Performance-based versus self-reported functional measures = Some agencies may not accept self-report
Task-specific tests and measures
Age-specific tests and measures
Diagnosis-specific tests and measures
Measuring disability—function in a social and physical context
Underlying Causes of Movement Dysfunction =
Underlying Causes of Movement Dysfunction = Identify possible underlying musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, integumentary, and/or cardiovascular and pulmonary impairment(s)
Fall under 4 categories
> neuromuscular
> biomechanical
> behavioral
> caradiopulm
Neuromuscular =
(structures/ pathways that participate in motor control)
Biomechanical =
(structure and properties of, musintegumentcles, joints, etc.)
Behavioral =
(cognitive, motivational, perceptual, emotional)
Cardiovascular/Pulmonary =
(sufficient energy supply)
Examination at the Activity Level =
Choosing appropriate tests and measures
> Use theoretical and standardized measures as opposed to personal reason
Limitations of functional tests and measures
> Functional measures do not provide information for why the patient is dependent in performing functional skills
> Remember to include how they perform the task, not just if they performed the task
Examination at the Strategy Level—Qualitative Measures of Function =
Strategies largely determine level of performance
Limitations to a strategy examination of function
> Limited information exists defining sensory, motor, and cognitive strategies
Examination at the Impairment/Body Structure and Function Level =
Examine those that potentially constrain functional movement skills
> neuromuscular system
> musculoskeletal system
> cardiopulm systems
> integumentary system
Results of Examination =
Clinicians can translate information gained through the exam and identifying a list of patient problems
Examination -> List of patient problems -> Reflect on functional limitations and disablement -> Focus of interventions strategies on anticipated goals and expected outcomes
Task-Oriented Approach to Intervention =
Resolve, reduce, or prevent impairments
Develop effective and efficient task_specific strategies
Adapt functional goal_oriented strategies to changing task and environmental conditions to maximize participation and minimize disability
Complete Recovery =
is achieving function through original processes
Motor Recovery =
is reacquisition of movement skill lost through injury, through a substitution of neural processes
Compensation =
is behavioral substitution; that is, alternative behavioral strategies are adopted to complete a task
Compensation is achieving function through alternative behavioral and neural processes
Complete Recovery versus Motor Recovery versus Compensation =
Time-based decision-making process
> setting
> patient goals
Nature of impairment decision-making process
> permanent
> temporary
