iceland case study 2010 Flashcards
Where is the HIC Eyjafjallajokull located?
In South Iceland on a constructive plate boundary between the North American and Eurasian plates.
What type of volcano is HIC Eyjafjallajokull?
A shield volcano that erupts basaltic lava.
What geological feature is HIC Eyjafjallajokull found along?
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
What causes the eruptions of HIC Eyjafjallajokull?
Magma fills the chamber as the plates move away from each other.
When did the HIC Eyjafjallajokull eruption begin?
20 March 2010.
What significant event occurred during the second eruption on 14 April 2010?
It occurred beneath the ice cap, causing the ice to melt.
What was created due to the interaction of magma and water during the eruption?
A plume of fine volcanic ash.
What was one primary short-term effect of the HIC Eyjafjallajokull eruption?
Ash fall contaminated water supplies with fluoride.
What major environmental impact resulted from the melting ice cap?
Major floods occurred.
How much CO2 did the eruption produce each day?
0.15 million tonnes.
What was the visibility reduction caused by the ash?
Visibility was reduced by a couple of metres.
What was one secondary effect of the eruption on air travel?
95,000 flights were cancelled.
How much did the airline industries lose per day due to the eruption?
£130 million.
What impact did the eruption have on the Kenyan economy?
It lost £2.8 billion in 2 days due to the inability to ship 400 tonnes of flowers.
What was the effect of the ash on stock market shares in air travel and tourism?
Shares fell by 4%.
What long-term respiratory issue arose for locals due to the eruption?
Respiratory issues were caused by ash.
What positive effect did ash have on Icelandic soil?
It made the soil fertile for producing rapeseed oil and grapes.
How many farms were destroyed as a result of the eruption?
20 farms.
What was one immediate management response to the eruption?
Predictions allowed scientists to inform farmers not to let animals drink outside water sources.
How many locals had to be evacuated due to the eruption?
700 locals, including 20 farming families.
What was created to manage air traffic during the eruption?
An exclusion zone was created in the country.
What was a long-term management response by the Icelandic government?
River banks were rebuilt higher.
What organization was set up in 2012 to monitor European volcanoes?
FutureVolc.
Fill in the blank: The eruption produced _______ tonnes of CO2 each day.
0.15 million
