Ice Rescuer

Question 0

What causes booming sound on ice on cold days?

Answer 0

Ice sheets expanding and changing shape with the change in air temp

Question 1

How much weaker is river ice compared to lake ice?

Answer 1

15%

Question 2

How do chemicals and pollutants affect water chemistry during ice formation?

Answer 2

Causes melting and interferes with strong ice formation

Question 3

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 3

Body cools and extremities squeeze blood to the core.

Question 4

Water will rob the body of heat how many times faster than air?

Answer 4

20

Question 5

What three parts of body does heat escape from the fastest?

Answer 5

Head/neck
Thorax
Groin

Question 6

Vasoconstriction causes and increase of what?

Answer 6

Blood pressure

Question 7

Explain the 1-10-1 rule.

3 phases of cold water immersion

Answer 7

1 minute to get breathing under control.

10 minutes for meaningful movement of extremities.

1 hour of consciousness

Question 8

Frazzle ice

Answer 8

Stage one of ice formation; weak; looks like oil sheen

Question 8

Pancake ice

Answer 8

Plates of ice that erode together rounding the edges.

Question 8

Brash ice

Answer 8

Groups of broken off ice caused by weather or passing vessels

Difficult to judge strength

Question 8

Clear ice

Answer 8

Strongest form of ice; color of water underneath; forms when cold and little wind

Question 8

Snow ice

Answer 8

Milky; low density and porous; unpredictable

Question 9

Ice fracture/crack

Answer 9

Small crack; can be opened or closed; weaker ice near crack

Question 10

Ice lead

Answer 10

Large crack; greater than 3 feet

Question 11

Polynya

Answer 11

Isolated pools of open water; caused by localized disturbances

Question 12

Ice floe

Answer 12

Flat piece of ice 10ft or larger in diameter; caused by wind/currents

Question 13

Fast ice

Answer 13

Ice attached to shore

Question 14

Pack ice

Answer 14

Accumulation of floes packed together, can be unstable

Question 15

Pressure ridge/windrow

Answer 15

Rows of piles of ice formed by wind; gets bigger over time

Question 16

Rubble

Answer 16

Accumulation of windrows; very rough terrain

Question 17

Candle ice

Answer 17

Looks like bundles of candles; found in spring when ice is deteriorating

Question 18

Indicators of fluctuating water levels

Answer 18

Seepage from cracks
Lake levels
Flooding caused by ice jams
Lower water levels weaken ice

Question 19

Signs of ice deterioration

Answer 19

Porous
Pools of water on top
Ice shifting or expanding

Question 20

Effects of air temp

Answer 20

Ice expands and contracts with air temp changes

Booming sound is expanding ice

Question 21

Effects of current

Answer 21

River ice is 15% weaker than lake ice
Currents erode ice from underneath
River mouths are dangerous

Question 22

Four stages of hypothermia

Answer 22

1- mild
Awake&shivering; 90-95

2- moderate
Drowsy&not shivering; 82-90

3- severe
Unconscious&not shivering; 68-82

4- profound
No vital signs; less than 68

Question 23

Required crew rest

Answer 23

10 hours in 24 hour period with 6 hrs continuous sleep

Question 24

Fatigue standards

Answer 24

Thin ice, >30 KTS, < 10 deg = 4 hrs

Thick ice, 10 deg = 6 hrs

Question 25

Avast

Answer 25

Arm up with closed fist
Wave light horizontally
One whistle
One pull

Question 26

Ease

Answer 26

Wave arm up and down
Wave light vertically
Two whistles
Two pulls

Question 27

Heave around

Answer 27

Arm up in circular motion
Light up in circular motion
Three whistles
Three pulls

Question 28

Help

Answer 28

Waves both arms
Vigorously wave light
4 or more whistles
Four pulls

Question 29

How to transit ice

Answer 29

10-15 feet apart

Question 30

Pulley ratio for MARSARS

Answer 30

4:1