ICAO 4444 PANS-ATM Flashcards
ATC only responsible for terrain clearance when?
when radar vectoring
Light wake turbulence category =
less than 7000kg
Medium wake turbulence category =
7000kg - 136 000kg
Heavy wake turbulence category =
more than 136 000kg
At or above FL… speed adjustments from ATC are given in increments of … Mach. Below they are given in multiples of … KT IAS
250
0.01
10
Under radar control and on final approach speed adjustments limited to max of …kt
20
Once inside …nm of the threshold on final approach no further speed adjustments should be given
4
What separation in class A and B?
all flights separated
What separation in class C?
IFR separated from all traffic, VFR separated from IFR and traffic info on other VFR
What is separation in class D?
IFR from all traffic
traffic info for VFR
What vertical seperation above FL410?
2000 ft
When an aircraft will pass through the level of another (climb or descent) on the same track the following longitudinal separation will be provided;
… while vertical separation does not exist
… while vertical separation does not exist when nav aids permit frequent determination of position
… while vertical separation does not exist provided that the level change is commenced within 10 mins of the time the second aircraft has reported over an exact reporting point
15 mins
10 mins
5 miins
An aircraft may be cleared to a level previously occupied by another after the latter has …, except when;
In which case such clearance will be withheld until the aircraft vacating the level …
reported vacating it
severe turbulence is known to exist
has reported at or passing another level separated by the required minimum
lateral separation using VORs?
aircraft must be separated by at least 15 degrees and be 15NM or more from beacon
lateral separation using NDBs?
greater separation because system is less accurate. 30 degrees and 15NM or more from beacon
lateral separation using dead reckoning?
aircraft must be established on tracks diverging by at least 45 degrees and 15NM or more from the point of intersection of the tracks. Point determined visually or by reference to a nav aid
Using RNAV – lateral separation achieved by establishing aircraft of tracks which diverge by at least … degrees. Lateral separation exists when the protected airspace associated with the track of one of the aircraft does not overlap with the protected airspace associated with the track of another aircraft
15
Aircraft at the same level – separation is … provided each aircraft uses …
can be reduced to … if leading aircraft is …kt TAS faster.
with aircraft on crossing tracks the same longitudinal separation applies provided …
20 nm
on track DME stations
10nm
20kt
each aircraft reports its distance from the station located at the crossing point of the tracks and the angle between the tracks is less than 90 degrees
timed longitudinal separation for aircraft on the same track at same cruising level is … and can be reduced to … if nav aid permit frequent determination of position
can be further reduced to … if preceeding aircraft is … faster
and reduced even further to … if preceeding aircraft is … faster
15 mins
10 mins
5 mins
20kt
3 mins
40kt
Minimum longitudinal separation between turbojet aircraft on the same track, whether in level flight, climbing or descending using the Mach number technique is
+M0.00
+M0.02
+M0.03
+M0.04
+M0.05
+M0.06
10 mins
9 mins
8 mins
7 mins
6 mins
5 mins
Europe files a variation on ICAO standard longitudinal separation. Permits following aircraft that are level, climbing or descending, to be separated by … provided that their progress is continually monitored by radar and their radar separation is never less than …
3 mins
20nm
Longitudinal and lateral distance-based separation minima in an RNP RNAV environment are;
RNP 10=
RNP 4=
Otherwise minimum longitudinal separation of … is used providing each aircraft reports its distance from the same on track waypoint and separation is checked by obtaining simultaneous RNAV distance readings from the aircraft at frequent intervals to ensure that the minimum will not be infringed
50nm
30nm
80nm
standard radar separation is … reduced to … when radar capabilities permit
Further reduction to … may be applied between aircraft on the same approach track subject to average runway occupancy time, braking action, radar rate of update, wake turbulence separation etc.
5nm
3nm
2.5nm
When authorised by ATC and agreed by other pilot of the other aircraft, an area control centre may clear a controlled flight in class … and … in daylight VMC to maintain own separation to one other aircraft and to remain in VMC
Clearance shall be for a specified portion of the flight at or below …
D
E
10 000ft
what is essential traffic?
Controlled traffic not separated from other controlled traffic by the prescribed separation minima
separation of departing traffic from same runway if tracks diverge at least 45 degrees is?
1 min
separation of departing traffic from same runway if preceeding aircraft is 40kt faster is?
2 mins
separation of departing traffic from the same runway if the following aircraft climbs through the level of the preceeding aircraft shall be?
5 mins
Separation of Departing Aircraft and Arriving Aircraft
no take-offs in any direction between … of the landing runway centre line after start of … or …mins for a straight in approach
take-offs permitted in green area (see pic) up to … mins before established arrival of landing aircraft
45 degrees
procedure turn
5 mins
3 mins
wake turbulence RADAR separation minima applied when an aircraft is operating directly behind another aircraft at the same altitude or less than …ft below;
both using the same runway, or parallel runways separated by less then …; or
an aircraft is crossing behind another, at the same altitude or less than …feet below
1000ft
760m
1000ft
radar separation behind a super for
heavy
medium
light
6nm
7nm
8nm
radar separation behind a heavy for
heavy
medium
light
4nm
5nm
6nm
radar separation behind a medium for a light?
5nm
timed separation for arriving aircraft
light behind super
4 mins
timed separation for arriving aircraft
medium behind super
3 mins
timed separation for arriving aircraft
light behind medium or heavy
3 mins
timed separation for arriving aircraft
medium behind heavy
2 mins
following timed separation used for aircraft departing from same position on runway
light or medium behind super
heavy behind super
light or medium behind heavy
light behind medium
3 mins
2 mins
2 mins
2 mins
following timed separation used for aircraft departing from intermediate position on runway;
light or medium behind super
heavy behind super
light or medium behind heavy
light behind medium
4 mins
3 mins
3 mins
3 mins
