ICA prep

Question 1

What is the definition of potency?

Answer 1

the degree or strength of drug required to produce an effect

Question 2

what is the definition of an agonist?

Answer 2

agonists bind to receptors and produce a response, they have affinity and efficacy

Question 3

What is the definition of an antagonist?

Answer 3

binds to a receptors but does not produce a response, has affinity but not efficacy

Question 4

what is the definition of a full agonist?

Answer 4

It has an efficacy of 1

Question 5

what is a partial agonist?

Answer 5

it has a efficacy of less than 1 but more than 0

Question 6

what is EC50 a measure of?

Answer 6

potency

Question 7

what is E max a measure of ?

Answer 7

efficacy

Question 8

what is an inverse agonist?

Answer 8

has an efficacy less than 0
has the opposite biological effect e.g. deactivates receptor reduces its basal activity

Question 9

what are the 2 actions of allosteric ligands?

Answer 9

positive allosteric modulators (increase activity produced by the agonist)
negative allosteric modulators (decrease the activity produced by the ligand)

Question 10

what is a physiological antagonist?

Answer 10

have opposite effects on tissue may bind to other receptors, reduce / create the opposite effect e.g. Ach and adrenaline on the heart

Question 11

what is pharmacokinetics?

Answer 11

study of the change of drug and metabolite conc in tissues and bodily fluids

Question 12

what is the general formula for calculating the therapeutic index for a drug?

Answer 12

max non toxic dose
divided by min effective dose

Question 13

what is the formula for calculating the therapeutic ratio for the population?

Answer 13

TD50 (toxic dose for 50 percent of the population)
divided by
ED (minimum effective dose for 50% of the population)

Question 14

what does ADME stand for?

Answer 14

Absorption (absorption into plasma), Distribution (between tissues / bodily fluid compartments, Metabolism (by enzymes in the body) and Excretion (of the drug / metabolite)

Question 15

what is the definition of the bioavailability of a drug?

Answer 15

the fraction of unchanged (unmetabolized) drug that reaches the systemic circulation

Question 16

what counts as systemic circulation?

Answer 16

• The systemic circulation refers to anything after the liver, the hepatic portal system is where drugs first enter after bring absorbed in the GI tract. This does not count as systemic circulation first it must pass the first pass metabolism in the liver before it is considered in systemic circulation

Question 17

what drugs have 100% bioavailability?

Answer 17

intravenous drugs