IC10 MSK Conditions

Question 1

What is the MSK role in the body?

Answer 1

• Ability to move
• Provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body
• Bind tissues and organs together → Made up of bones, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints and connective tissue

Question 2

What are the skeleton components and roles?

Answer 2

Skeleton components and roles:

• Soft bones, cartilages grows and is slowly replaced by hard bone as we age
• Major functions of bones:
  o Provide structural support
  o Provide protection of vital organs
  o Provide an environment for marrow (where blood cells are produced)
   (red bone marrow) site for hematopoiesis / blood cell production
  o Act as a storage area for minerals (such as Ca)
   Main storage system for Ca and PO4- → regulate mineral balance, when high [mineral] minerals are drawn into the bone and vice versa
  o (yellow bone marrow) have fatty connective tissue that is used for energy during starvation

Question 3

Simply describe the muscle, tendons, ligaments, joints and bursae.

Answer 3

Muscles – Keep bones in place
Tendons – connect muscle to bone, fibrous connective tissue
Ligament – connect bone to bone, dense fibrous elastic tissue

• Helps to limit joint dislocation
• Restrict improper hyperextension and hyperflexion

Joints – bone articulation
Bursae – cushion btw bones and tendons / muscles around the joint

Question 4

Where is the osteoblast derived from? What is its functions?

Answer 4

Osteoblast

• Derived from mesenchymal stem cells (multipotent stem cells)
• Bone matrix synthesis and its subsequent mineralization
• Become into resting bone lining cells on newly formed bone surfaces
• And then later become osteocytes

Question 5

What are osteocytes?
What are their role?
How does the osteocytes communicate with one another?
What is the process that signals formation and resorption?

Answer 5

Osteocytes

• Cells were osteoblast that became incorporated within the newly formed osteoid which eventually becomes calcified bones
• Osteocytes contact with other osteocytes and osteoblasts through extensive network of cell processes (canaliculi)
• Canaliculi respond to changes in physical forces → then they transduce messages to cells on bone surface to initiate formation or resorption

Question 6

Where are osteoclasts derived from?
What are their functions?

Answer 6

Osteoclast

• Multinucleated cells (like macrophages)
• Derived from hematopoietic lineage
• Resorption of mineralized tissue
• Found on bone surfaces at sites of active bone resorption

mesenchymal stem cells differentiates into several types of tissue WHILE hematopoietic stem cells only differentiate mainly into blood cells

Question 7

What is arthritis?
What are the most common types of arthritis?

Answer 7

Arthritis

• swelling and tenderness of one or more joints (major ones are fingers, knees, back)
• accompanied with inflammation, joint pain and stiffness worsening with age
• 20 types
• Most common: gout, OA, RA

Question 8

What is the difference between OA and RA?

Answer 8

Difference between OA and RA

• OA → wear and tear, physical injury causes joints to become inflamed, cartilage breaks down due to overuse
• RA → autoimmune, loss of tolerance, attack self-antigens, inflamed synovium, pannus, inflammatory cytokines