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3153 CNS - nat > ic1 (anatomy) > Flashcards

ic1 (anatomy) Flashcards

1
Q

what does the CNS and PNS consist of

A

CNS: brain and spinal cord

PNS: cranial nerves (12 pairs) and spinal nerves (31 pairs)

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2
Q

Forebrain consists of

A

Cerebrum

Diencephalon (contain hypothalamus)

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3
Q

Cranial nerves and Nuclei for Midbrain

A

Cranial nerves: 3,4
Nuclei: 3-5

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4
Q

Midbrain contains

A

Superior colliculus: visual pathways

Inferior colliculus: auditory pathways

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5
Q

Hindbrain consist of (3 points)

A

Pons

Medulla oblongata (brain stem)

Cerebellum

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6
Q

Pons cranial nerves and Nuclei

A

5-8

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7
Q

Function of Medulla oblongata

A

regulate CV function and respiratory function

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8
Q

Cranial nerves and Nuclei of Medulla Oblongata

A

Cranial nerves: 9-12
Nuclei: 5, 9-12

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9
Q

Function of Cerebellum (ic2)

A

coordinates movement

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10
Q

What are the lobes separated by?

A

Sulcus

Central sulcus
Lateral sulcus
Parieto-occipital sulcus

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11
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the brain

A

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe

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12
Q

which lobes are superior to lateral fissure?

Which lobe is inferior to lateral fissure?

A

Frontal lobe and parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

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13
Q

Types of cells in brain

A

Neurons

Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Miroglial

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14
Q

How do Axons conduct signals

Axons cell components

A

Away from cell body

Axon cytoplasm lacks ribosomes, RER, Golgi apparatus

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15
Q

How do Axons receive materials

A

Anterograde transport
of essential proteins and molecules

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16
Q

How do Dendrites conduct impulses

Which organelle do Dendrites lack

A

toward cell body

Contain all organelles except Golgi apparatus

17
Q

Function of Oligodendrocytes

A

Form myelin sheaths around axons

One oligodendrocyte can form myelin sheath over multiple axons

18
Q

Function of Astrocytes (4 points)

A

Forms BBB, regulate exchange of nutrients and metabolites

Provide structural support to neurons, specifically at synapse

(cycle neurotransmitters) Metabolise neurotransmitters at synapse + Release neurotransmitter at presynaptic terminal to enhance signal

Has pedicles that attach to blood vessels, cause vasoconstriction or dilation

19
Q

Function of microglial cells

A

Brain macrophages

Phagocytosis

Enlarge and become mobile after injury to CNS

Secrete proinflammatory mediators eg. TNF-a, IL-1B

20
Q

What are the Glial cells of the PNS

A

Satellite cells
Schwann cells

21
Q

What are the 3 connective tissue elements of the nerve fibre

A

Epineurim
Perineurim
Endoneurim

22
Q

What is a bundle of nerves called

What surrounds it

A

Fascicle

Perineurim

23
Q

What surrounds each individual nerve fibre

A

Endoneurim

Surrounded by Schwann cells

24
Q

What supplies blood to the brain

A

Internal carotid arteries

Vertebral arteries

25
Q

Which structures enter through the Foramen Magnum

A

Spinal cord, Vertebral artery

26
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries supply blood to

A

(lower structures of brain)
Spinal cord, medulla oblongata, cerebellum

27
Q

Vertebral arteries form to give…

A

Basilar artery

28
Q

Where is Carotid artery situated?

A

Within Cavernous sinus (large vein)

29
Q

What does carotid artery divide into

A

ACA, MCA
Anterior Cerebral Artery

Middle Cerebral Artery

30
Q

Which artery supplies to medial surface, which artery supplies to lateral surface?

A

Anterior Cerebral Artery supplies medial, except occipital lobe

Middle Cerebral Artery supplies lateral surface

31
Q

What connects the Circle of willis

A

anterior and posterior communicating arteries

connect Anterior, Middle, Posterior Cerebral Arteries

32
Q

Where does blood from brain drain into

A

venous sinus, eventually into internal jugular vein

33
Q

Where is CSF produced

A

Chloroid plexus

34
Q

CSF is absorbed into

A

superior sagittal sinus by
arachnoid granulations

3153 CNS - nat (11 decks)

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