Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PPI > IBS (Irritable bowel syndrome) > Flashcards

IBS (Irritable bowel syndrome) Flashcards

1
Q

What is irritable bowel syndrome?

A

Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional disorder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Is IBS a disease?

A

No IBS is not a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Does IBS have one pathological entity?

A

No, IBS does not have a singular pathological entity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are significant triggers for IBS?

A

Gastroenteritis and stress are significant IBS triggers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is IBS a useful term for?

A

IBS is a useful term to classify patients who have similar medically unexplained symptoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which symptoms are NOT associated with IBS?

A

Symptoms NOT associated with IBS:
* Bleeding
* Abdominal pathology
* Masses
* Unexpected weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the key IBS characteristics?

A

IBS is characterised by pain (visceral hypersensitivity) and altered bowel habits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is visceral pain?

A

Visceral pain:
pain emanating from the internal thoracic, pelvic, or abdominal organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is used for IBS diagnosis?

A

ROME IV criteria is used to diagnose IBS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Rome IV criteria based on?

A

The Rome IV criteria is based on symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is Rome IV criteria diagnosis for IBS made?

A

Rome IV criteria diagnosis is done via exclusion and identification of symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the Rome IV criteria for IBS?

A

IBS Rome IV Criteria:
* Recurrent abdominal pain (at least 1 day/week in the last 3 months)
* + two or more of the following:
* Pain related to defaecation (increase or decrease)
* Stool frequency change
* Stool appearance change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Does IBS affect men or women more?

A

IBS typically affects women more than men.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the different Rome IV IBS classifications?

A

Rome IV IBS classifications:
* IBS-C (Predominant constipation)
* IBS-D (Predominant diarrhoea)
* IBS-M (Mixed diarrhoea & constipation)
* IBS- U (Unclassified)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What seems to be the most prominent type of IBS?

A

IBS-D seems to be the most common type of IBS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Are IBS symptoms just linked to the lower bowel?

A

No IBS can have other symptoms including
* Functional dyspepsia
* Functional heartburn
* Bladder problems
* Headaches
* Backaches
* Unexplained muscle problems
* Gynaecological issues

Normal physiology witnessed in these areas*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What other (non lower bowel related) symptoms are linked to IBS?

A

Non lower bowel related IBS symptoms:
* Functional dyspepsia
* Functional heartburn
* Bladder problems
* Headaches
* Backaches
* Unexplained muscle problems
* Gynaecological issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is dyspepsia?

A

Dyspepsia term for recurring symptoms of an upset stomach that have no obvious cause.
Aka chronic indigestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Is IBS common?

A

IBS is very common up to 5-30% of population is affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does morbidity mean?

A

Morbidity: the condition of suffering from a disease or medical condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Is there many effective medical treatments for IBS?

A

No, there aren’t many effective medical treatments for IBS

22
Q

How much does IBS cost annually?

A

IBS costs are £45m annually direct

23
Q

Does IBS cause direct mortality?

A

IBS does not cause direct mortality but it can cause severe morbidity.

24
Q

What can cause mortality in IBS?

A

Drug therapy, medical interventions and procedures can cause mortality in IBS.

25
Q

What causes IBS?

A

IBS causes:
* Stress: gut is very responsive to emotional factors
* Gastroenteritis

26
Q

What is post infectious IBS?

A

Post infectious IBS is IBS that follows recovery from gastroenteritis (food poisoning).
It is diarrhoeal predominant

27
Q

Who does post infectious IBS affect the most?

A

Post infectious IBS affects young women more than men.

28
Q

It is likely that IBS pathophysiology is linked to the ? and ?

A

It is likely that IBS pathophysiology is linked to gut hypersensitivity and brain hypervigilance

29
Q

What are the relative risk factors for post infectious IBS?

A

Post infectious IBS risk factors:
* Biological: Campylobacter infection (1:10, more likely than salmonella).
* Psychological: Adverse life event in previous year (x2 more likely)
* Sex: Females (x3.5 more likely)
* Hypochondriacs (x2 more likely)
* Having all 3 above factors makes someone 7x more likely.

30
Q

What is the trigger of IBS in post infectious IBS?

A

Infection is the trigger in post infectious IBS but it is likely a combination of one of the relative risk factors as well as infection.

31
Q

What does there need to be a better understanding of for IBS treatment?

A

There needs to be a better understanding of the mechanistic causes underlying IBS for treatment development.

32
Q

Name some of the non-drug treatments for IBS

A

Non-drug IBS treatments
* Low FODMAP diet
* Support
* Reassuarance
* Explanation
* Counselling
* IBS groups

33
Q

Name two types of drug treatments for IBS

A

IBS drug treatments:
Analgesia (antispasmodic medicines, tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)
Motility remedies (antidiarrhoeal and laxatives)

34
Q

What are antispasmodic medicines?

A

Antispasmodic medicines:
Reduce contractions in the GI tract

35
Q

Name an antispasmodic medicine

A

Antispasmodic medicines:
* Mebeverine hydrochloride
* Alverine citrate
* Peppermint oil capsules

36
Q

What are tricyclic antidepressants?

A

Tricyclic antidepressants are anti depressants

37
Q

What are analgesia?

A

Analgesia are pain killers

38
Q

Analgesia used in IBS

A

Analgesia used in IBS:
Antispasmodic medicines
Tricyclic antidepressants
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

39
Q

What is an example of a Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor example:
Fluoxetine
Paracetamol

40
Q

What is used for the treatment of IBS-D? (Diarrhoea predominant IBS)

A

IBS-D treatment
1st line: Dietary modification
Anti-diarrhoeal drugs are used for the treatment of IBS-D. e.g .Loperamide

41
Q

What is used for the treatment of IBS-C? (Constipation predominant IBS)

A

IBS-C treatment
1st line: Dietary modification
Laxatives
Ispaghula husk
Osmotic laxatives
May exacerbate some symptoms e.g bloating

42
Q

What is a new drug effective for IBS-C?

A

New effective drug for IBS-C:
Linaclotide
* Agonist: Guanylate cyclase C
* Laxative
* Few side effects

43
Q

What does Linaclotide do? (New IBS-C treatment)

A

Linaclotide:
* Increases chloride secretion into lumen
* Promotes fluid secretion into lumen
* Blocks pain signalling
* Promotes peristalsis

44
Q

What is guanylate cyclase C?

A

Guanylate cyclase C:
* Enterotoxin target
* Regulates gut fluid secretion

45
Q

What are FODMAPS?

A

FODMAPS:
F:fermentable
O:oligosaccharides
D:disaccharides
M:monosaccharides
A:
P:monosaccharides
S:

46
Q

What type of drugs need to be created for IBS?

A

Drugs that can target visceral pain are needed for IBS.

47
Q

FODMAPS are **? **absorbed short-chain carbohydrates including fructose (in excess of glucose), lactose, polyols, fructans, and galacto-oligosaccharides.

A

FODMAPS are poorly absorbed short-chain carbohydrates including fructose (in excess of glucose), lactose, polyols, fructans, and galacto-oligosaccharides.

48
Q

What is the FODMAP diet?

A

FODMAP diet
* Temporary restrictive diet
* Limit high FODMAP foods
* Reintroduce them slowly to identify troublesome ones
* Limit or avoid problem causing ones.

49
Q

What is prucalopride?

A
50
Q

What is linaclotide?

A

Linalotide:
* Laxative
* Guanylate cyclase-C agonist
* New IBS-C treatment

PPI (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions