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IBEC Stateboard practice > IBEC and Laser stateboard > Flashcards

IBEC and Laser stateboard Flashcards

1
Q

Laser stands for?

A

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

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2
Q

Distance measured in nanometers between two peaks?

A

Wavelength

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3
Q

What is laser light?

A

Monochromatic Light

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4
Q

Refraction is only known as what?

A

Transmission

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5
Q

A newly created photon of light acquires energy equal to photons?

A

Stimulated Emission

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6
Q

Who theorized stimulated emission?

A

Albert Einstein

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7
Q

Alexandrite laser is in the visible light spectrum at what wavelength?

A

755nm

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8
Q

The Nd:YAG laser falls in the invisible light spectrum at what wavelength?

A

1064.3nm

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9
Q

What type of wave is used in laser hair removal?

A

Pulsed Wave

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10
Q

A Chromophore is also known as?

A

Target

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11
Q

A Chromophore ABSORBS what?

A

Energy

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12
Q

Goggles are approved by?

A

ANSI (American National Standard Institute)

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13
Q

Each laser wavelength is?

A

Specific

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14
Q

What are the parameters when doing laser hair removal?

A

Wavelength, spot size, fluence, and pulse width.

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15
Q

Pulsed lasers allow for selective heating of specific targets known as?

A

Selective Photothermolysis

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16
Q

Amount of ENERGY delivered within a given area is?

A

Fluence

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17
Q

Increase in fluence equals an increase in what?

A

Heat

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18
Q

LENGTH OF TIME the light/energy is in contact with the target is?

A

Pulse width or Pulse duration

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19
Q

Time of pulse duration is CHANGED from milliseconds to nanoseconds is?

A

Q Switched

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20
Q

A Q Switched laser is used for what?

A

Tattoo removal

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21
Q

Which skin types can tolerate an Nd:YAG?

A

All skin types

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22
Q

Which skin type can only have electrolysis?

A

Type 1 Fitzpatrick

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23
Q

Which skin types can tolerate an Alex laser?

A

Fitzpatrick 1-3

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24
Q

Pulse width greater than the thermal relaxation time is?

A

A Burn

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25
Q

Pulse width that is less than or equal to the thermal relaxation time is?

A

Perfect hair removal

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26
Q

Larger hair structures have what thermal relaxation time?

A

Longer

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27
Q

Smaller hair structures have what thermal relaxation time?

A

Shorter

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28
Q

Pulse widths protect the epidermis, penetrate deeper, and cool more slowly are?

A

Long

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29
Q

Longer pulse widths are for what skin types?

A

Fitzpatrick 4-6

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30
Q

What pulse widths are more aggressive and heat up and cool down quickly?

A

Short

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31
Q

Shorter pulse widths are for what skin type?

A

Fitzpatrick 1-3

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32
Q

Percentage of follicles damaged with each laser treatment?

A

15%

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33
Q

Long term stable REDUCTION of growing hairs after a treatment?

A

Laser Hair Removal

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34
Q

What are the appendages of the skin?

A

Hair, nails, sebaceous gland, and sudoriferous gland.

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35
Q

What are the layers of the hair?

A

(here, she, hugs, hens)
Hair, sheath, Huxley’s, Henleys.

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36
Q

What are in the Pilosebaceous Unit? (appendages of the hair)

A

Hair bulb, hair shaft, hair root, hair follicle, hair papilla, sebaceous gland, and arrector pili.

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37
Q

What is Fitzpatrick I?

A

Skin always burns and never tans.

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38
Q

What is Fitzpatrick II?

A

Skin burns easily and tans minimally.

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39
Q

What is Fitzpatrick III?

A

Skin tans moderately and tans gradually.

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40
Q

What is Fitzpatrick IV?

A

Skin rarely burns and always tans well.

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41
Q

What is Fitzpatrick V?

A

Skin rarely or never burns and tans profusely.

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42
Q

What is Fitzpatrick VI?

A

Skin never burns and is deeply pigmented and least sensitive to sun exposure.

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43
Q

What is the Blend in electrolysis?

A

Direct current an high frequency; 1/4 galvanic and 3/4 heat; needle vase shape.

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44
Q

What is Galvanic in electrolysis?

A

two by products are Hydrogen and chlorine gas; Needle is negative and anode is positive (hand held); needle creates LYE and anode creates hydrochloric acid (itchy); needle is column shape.

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45
Q

What is Thermolysis in electrolysis?

A

High Frequency; pear shape; desiccation (drying); heat.

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46
Q

15 U.L (units of lye)

A

shallow hair; vellus;
(Cheeks and lips)

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47
Q

45 U.L (units of lye)

A

vellum medium hair;
(side of face, chin, and arms)

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48
Q

60 U.L (units of lye)

A

terminal hair;
women = chin and legs
men = back and shoulders

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49
Q

80 U.L (units of lye)

A

deep terminal hair; mens beard

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50
Q

What determines size of the probe?

A

Hair diameter, shape, and size.

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51
Q

If a client has an allergy to the stainless steel needle what do you use?

A

Gold needle

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52
Q

Needle/ probe sizes?

A

1-6
women 1-3
men 4-6

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53
Q

What has an insulated needle?

A

Blend and thermolysis

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54
Q

What is the most common probe to use in electrolysis?

A

Standard cylindrical; 2 piece

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55
Q

What is the angle of needle insertion for electrolysis?

A

45 degrees

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56
Q

Angle of laser hand held piece is?

A

90 degrees

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57
Q

How much do you overlap in laser?

A

30%

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58
Q

What are non critical items?

A

desk, chair, mag.lamp, insulated plastic covered cord, etc…

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59
Q

What are semi-critical items?

A

plastic caps

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60
Q

What are critical items?

A

needles, tweezers, etc…

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61
Q

What are the structures of the hair shaft?

A

Medulla, Cortex, and Cuticle

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62
Q

What does the medulla do?

A

reflects light; DNA

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63
Q

What does the cortex do?

A

Gives its color; melanin

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64
Q

What does the cuticle do?

A

strength and texture

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65
Q

Hypertrichosis?

A

Both in men and women

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66
Q

Hirsutisim?

A

ONLY in women

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67
Q

What follicle shape is for straight hair?

A

Round shape

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68
Q

What follicle shape is for wavy hair?

A

Oval shape

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69
Q

What follicle shape does kinky hair have?

A

Flat shape

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70
Q

What percentage of alcohol is used as a disinfectant?

A

70%

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71
Q

Medicine that influences hair growth?

A

Birth Control

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72
Q

Amount of hair per square centimeter?

A

Hair density

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73
Q

If the hair has a high density, what fluence do you use?

A

Lower fluence

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74
Q

Darker/tanned skin requires what kind of fluence?

A

Lower fluence

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75
Q

What should you never use to clean the client’s skin before laser hair removal?

A

Alcohol

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76
Q

Who is the grandfather of laser and was the first person to use water to cool the skin during laser?

A

Rox Anderson

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77
Q

For deeper laser penetration what should you use?

A

Bigger spot size

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78
Q

The primary reason for using cooling devices (cryogen) during laser hair removal?

A

To allow for higher and more effective fluences to be used while sparing the epidermis.

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79
Q

During the initial consultation, the patient should be informed that the process will take how long?

A

A series of treatments

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80
Q

Laser is equivalent to what modalities?

A

Thermolysis

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81
Q

What are the positive reactions to the skin indicating a successful laser hair removal treatment?

A

Perifollicular Erythema and Perifollicular Edema.

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82
Q

A requirement for foot switches is?

A

Hooded

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83
Q

The effect of skin turning red after treatment is?

A

Erythema

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84
Q

When tissue has been injured, fluid escapes the blood vessels to surround the damaged tissue?

A

Edema (swelling)

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85
Q

The common type of laser used for hair removal?

A

Pulsed

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86
Q

Laser is ineffective on hair that has?

A

little to no pigment

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87
Q

The energy level of a laser, measured in joules is?

A

Energy Fluence

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88
Q

Optical density labeling on laser safety eyewear refers to?

A

400 UVA; the degree to which a refractive medium retards transmitted rays of light.

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89
Q

Which part of the body is most vulnerable to laser light?

A

Eyes

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90
Q

What is the chromophore when using the Nd:YAG laser for hair removal?

A

Melanin in the hair shaft and bulb

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91
Q

What is the FDA class that presents both a direct and reflect hazard?

A

Class IV (4)

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92
Q

Hair removal lasers are effective on which types of hair follicles?

A

Curved, distorted, and straight. (ALL)

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93
Q

What is most likely the cause of red, itchy bumps in the treatment area 10-14 days after a patient’s laser hair removal treatment?

A

Detached hair becoming trapped under the skin

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94
Q

Laser hair removal is least effective on follicles in what stage of development?

A

Telogen

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95
Q

The voluntary nationally recognized group establishing standards for equipment use is?

A

ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

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96
Q

What are some types of Epidermal cooling?

A

Bulk-gel topical contact and cryogen spray

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97
Q

Laser hair removal on clients with Fitzpatrick V (5) and Fitzpatrick VI (6) requires?

A

Longer wavelengths; Nd:YAG 1064nm

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98
Q

Who is considered to be the “father of laser” in medicine?

A

Leon Goldman

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99
Q

Components of laser include?

A

Flashlamp/high-intensity non-coherent light source, laser medium, fiber optics, and lenses.

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100
Q

What are the properties of light when it reacts with tissue?

A

Scatter, Transmission, Absorption, and Reflection.

101
Q

Longer laser lengths, penetrate the tissue?

A

Deeper

102
Q

An increase in color in cells post treatment is referred to as?

A

Hyperpigmentation

103
Q

What is the waiting period before laser treatment after a client stops taking Accutane?

A

6 months

104
Q

The duration of the pulse from a laser is known as?

A

Pulse Width

105
Q

What is the most critical for protecting the skin during laser hair removal?

A

Cooling the skin; cryogen

106
Q

What is the correct definition of “chromophore” as it relates to laser treatment in general?

A

The object that absorbs the light energy.
(referring to the melanin/hair shaft)

107
Q

What can occur with excess heating of the skin?

A

Hypo/Hyperpigmentation

108
Q

A basic Fitzpatrick scale takes into account what?

A

Skin color, Natural hair color, and sensitivity to the sun.

109
Q

For best results during laser hair removal treatments, follicles should be in what stage?

A

Late Anagen

110
Q

What is the primary reason that multiple treatments are necessary for laser hair removal?

A

The hairs are in different growth stages.

111
Q

What is a lesion?

A

abnormal mark, wound; structured changes in the tissue caused by injury or damage.

112
Q

Freckles are?

A

Lentigines and flat

113
Q

What is Hypotropy?

A

sunken; pitted scar

114
Q

What is Hypertrophy?

A

Raised; keloid

115
Q

What is the range for VISIBLE LIGHT in the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

390-700 nanometers

116
Q

The Ruby Laser produces light at which wavelength?

A

694nm

117
Q

What is then most common skin cancer and least severe?

A

Basal Cell carcinoma

118
Q

Most deadliest skin cancer is?

A

Malignant Melanoma

119
Q

Benign (mole) is?

A

not harmful

120
Q

Psoriasis is?

A

Silver, scaly, shiny

121
Q

Acne is?

A

Triggered by hormones; Inflammatory condition of the sebaceous glands.

122
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Most common and more number of deaths

123
Q

Papules are?

A

Red inflamed

124
Q

Pustules are?

A

Pus and infection filled

125
Q

Cysts are?

A

Deep pocket of infection; only treated by physician.

126
Q

Cocci is?

A

round shaped; grows in chains
(Ex. Streptococci)

127
Q

Bacilli is?

A

Rod shaped; most common; most deadly.
Ex. Tuberculosis

128
Q

Spirilla is?

A

corkscrew shaped
Ex. Syphillis

129
Q

Hepatitis targets what part of the body?

A

The liver

130
Q

TB (Tuberculosis)

A

the most heat resistant and deadliest

131
Q

What are the 3 levels of disinfection?

A

High, Intermediate, and Low.

132
Q

High- sterilization is?

A

Autoclave and Dry Heat Sterilization; includes critical items that come to contact with blood.

133
Q

What are the temperatures for Autoclave sterilization and what is it?

A

Steam under pressure;
* Unpackaged: 15-20min @ 250 degrees Fahrenheit (121 celsius) 15psi
* Packaged: 30min @ 250 degrees Fahrenheit (121 celsius) 15psi

134
Q

What is Dry Heat Sterilization and temperatures?

A
  • 170 Celsius @ (340 degrees Fahrenheit) for 1Hr.
  • 160 celcius @ (320 degrees Fahrenheit) for 2Hrs.
135
Q

What is Intermediate Disinfection?

A

Process where bacteria are destroyed = all spores are alive; Includes semi-critical items that come into contact with body fluids.

136
Q

What is Low disinfection?

A

Process where activity and multiplication of bacteria stops.

137
Q

What is a Hospital grade disinfetant?

A

Disinfects environmental surfaces; Ex. alcohol, formaldehyde, phenol, glutaraldehyde, etc…

138
Q

What classification identifies the nerve cell as it’s host cell?

A

Herperviral

139
Q

Nerves which carry impulses to nerve centers are called?

A

Afferent

140
Q

Best setting for DRY HEAT sterilization?

A

340 degrees Fahrenheit for 1hr.

141
Q

Supercilia refers to?

A

Eyebrows

142
Q

Who was the first scientist to invent high frequency waves?

A

Hertz

143
Q

OHM is the unit of?

A

Resistance

144
Q

Metabolic rate is determined by?

A

Level of thyroxine in the thyroid glands.

145
Q

A honey colored crust which indicates healing is called?

A

Eschar

146
Q

Primary component of hair fiber is?

A

Keratin

147
Q

Another name associated with (Galvanic) electrolysis is?

A

Chemical Decomposition

148
Q

The negative pole is also known as?

A

Cathode

149
Q

The organ made up of loose connective tissue that nourishes the hair is also known as?

A

Dermal Papilla

150
Q

Bacteria in spore form is?

A

Non productive

151
Q

Bacteria are?

A

Vegetable

152
Q

The typical mode of transmission for HIV is?

A

Feces, sexual fluid, and Blood

153
Q

Objective symptom is?

A

Rash

154
Q

What is the function of the hormone calcitomine is?

A

regulate calcium in the blood

155
Q

What are the three factors that determine the electrical performance of the needle?

A

length, diameter, and shape

156
Q

What is the shape of the heating pattern of the blend?

A

Vase shape

157
Q

the epidermal layer that is constantly being shed is known as what layer?

A

Cornium

158
Q

AC (alternating current) to DC (direct current)

A

Rectifier

159
Q

Phase mitosis involved in the alignment of chromosomes?

A

Metaphase

160
Q

Two by products of electrolysis are?

A

Hydrogen gas and Chlorine gas

161
Q

During the galvanic process the accidental use of the positive pole will produce all except?

A

Sodium hydroxide; negative

162
Q

Most thermolysis epilators use?

A

13.5 mghtz

163
Q

The process of adding or removing electrons is known as?

A

Ionization

164
Q

The most common staph infection is?

A

A boil

165
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

A

Stratum Corner
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosm
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basal Layer/Germinitivum

166
Q

What does the Germinitivum have?

A

It has the melanin

167
Q

What are the two layers of the Dermis?

A

Papillary layer and Reticular layer

168
Q

What does the stratum corneum have?

A

Dead skin cells

169
Q

What does the Stratum Spinosum have?

A

Langerhan cells (skin’s 1st line of defense)

170
Q

What does the Basal layer (germinativum) have?

A

Merkle cells (light pressure)

171
Q

What does the papillary layer have?

A

Meissners corpusles;
(regular pressure);
sensitive to touch

172
Q

What does the Reticular Layer have?

A

Pacinian corpuscles;
(deep pressure)

173
Q

Subcutis is contains what?

A

Fat - Adipose

174
Q

What does the Stratum Lucidum have?

A

translucent; only found at the soles of the hands an feet.

175
Q

Dermis is also referred to?

A

Cutis, correct, and true skin

176
Q

Another name for Epidermis?

A

Epithelium

177
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Cell division of skin and hair cells; cells continuously dividing into halves which grow into full size cells.

178
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Cell division of sex cell; the number of chromosomes are reduced by half.

179
Q

What is the Interphase?

A

Resting phase; cells get bigger or mature

180
Q

What is the Prophase?

A

Chromosomes organize; nucleus disappears

181
Q

What is the Metaphase?

A

Chromosomes are aligned in a line

182
Q

What is the Anaphase?

A

Separation inside the cell

183
Q

What is the Telaphase?

A

Separation outside the cell and cell division is almost complete.

184
Q

After probe selection, the electrologists first priority is to determine the?

A

Depth of the Anagen hairs in treatment.

185
Q

What percentage is alcohol a antiseptic?

A

30%

186
Q

The adrenal cortex produces hormones called?

A

Steroids

187
Q

The most painful area on the body is generally?

A

On the center line

188
Q

A newly formed anagen hair that remains in a treated follicle is?

A

Tombstone

189
Q

Adult condition caused by chicken pox is?

A

Herpes Zoster and Molluscum Contagiosm

190
Q

What layer of the hair has imbrications (layers)?

A

The cuticle

191
Q

Where is the reticular layer found?

A

Dermis

192
Q

What is Acromegaly?

A

Characterized by the enlargement of the hands, feet, and face caused by an over secretion of the pituitary gland hormone. (Adults)

193
Q

What hairs are associated with the deepest follicles?

A

Terminal and grey

194
Q

Which IS NOT associated with the Pilosebaceous unit?

A

Sudoriferous gland

195
Q

What is the correct sequence to wash hands?

A

Wash hands, put on gloves, give treatment, take off gloves, and wash hands.

196
Q

What are the terms to describe the second layer of the skin?

A

True skin, corium, and dermis.

197
Q

The phase of mitosis where the nucleus is resting?

A

Interphase

198
Q

What is the deepest stage of hair growth?

A

Anagen 6

199
Q

The most numerous type of pathogenic bacteria are?

A

rod shaped

200
Q

Sterilizers should be checked and tested?

A

each month

201
Q

What is a spore?

A

Tough outer covering to resist heat, cold, and disinfectants.

202
Q

What is an example of a ductless gland?

A

Parathyroid

203
Q

When two or more hairs with separate papillas sharing the same follicle is?

A

Pili-miltigemini

204
Q

A Cancer that begins in the melanocytes and spreads to internal organs?

A

Melanoma

205
Q

The layer that influences the color tone of hair by reflecting light?

A

Medulla

206
Q

This condition is also known as PCOS

A

Stein-Leventhal Syndrome

207
Q

What is known as the “mask of pregnancy?”

A

Melasma

208
Q

Saprophytes live on?

A

Dead matter

209
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary or “master gland.”

A

Thyrotropin, ACTH, and gonadotropins.

210
Q

What is Red-Brown rough scaling macule caused by sun exposure?

A

Actinic Keratosis

211
Q

The causes of hirsutism include which of the following?

A

Pituitary Hypersecretion, Adrenal Tumors, and Ovarian Tumors.

212
Q

What are the symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome?

A

Dowagers hump, Moon face, and Amenorrhea.

213
Q

What is associated with the lymphatic system?

A

Fights disease and sift impurities from the blood.

214
Q

Round shaped bacteria connected in chains are called?

A

Streptococcus

215
Q

What two categories is HSV (herpes simplex virus) divided into?

A

Type I (above the waist)
Type II (below the waist)

216
Q

What is the function of Mitochondria?

A

provides energy on a cellular level

217
Q

A chemical agent that can destroy most bacteria and slow down its multiplication is called?

A

Disinfectant

218
Q

The term idiopathic hirsutism refers to?

A

hair growth of an unknown origin

219
Q

An enlargement of the skin due to multiplication of cells?

A

Hypertrophy

220
Q

The function of the parathyroid gland is?

A

to regulate calcium in the body

221
Q

Microorganisms that cause disease are?

A

Pathogens

222
Q

A person with a goiter will have increased secretion of?

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

223
Q

List hair follicle layers in the correct order from inner to outward?

A

Here (Hair cuticle)
She (Sheath)
Hugs (Huxley)
Hens (Henley)

224
Q

Milia and seatoma are conditions associated with which of the following glands?

A

Sebaceous

225
Q

The electrologist should advise a patient who is taking phenytoin (dilation) that this medication may?

A

Cause hair growth

226
Q

What are the causes of hirsutism include?

A

Pituitary hyper secretion, adrenal tumors, and ovarian tumors.

227
Q

A virus needs?

A

a host cell to reproduce

228
Q

The body’s ability to resist invasion and destroy bacteria is known as?

A

Immunity

229
Q

Bacteria that move freely from place to place (bacilli) are?

A

Mobile

230
Q

Hair grows out of a depression in the epidermis known as?

A

Follicle

231
Q

Hair density refers to?

A

number of hairs per square centimeter

232
Q

Aquired immunity is?

A

Partially inherited and partly developed through hygienic practices.

233
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A

Elimination
Protection
Excretion
Sensation
Aborption
Heat Regulation

234
Q

Immunization against HBV lasts?

A

15 years

235
Q

Dermatitis Artifacta is?

A

lesions produced by the patients

236
Q

What are the five layers of the epidermis?

A

Germinitivum
Spinosum
granulosum
lucidum
corneum

237
Q

Where does vellum hair begin it’s growth?

A

lobe of the sebaceous gland

238
Q

What glands share a pore with ambosexual hair?

A

Apocrine Glands

239
Q

What are sensory nerves?

A

Afferent nerves that carry messages from the sense organs.
(Ex. heat, cold, sight, sound, smell, and taste.)

240
Q

What are motor nerves?

A

Efferent nerves that carry impulses from the brain to muscles or glands. (produce movement)

241
Q

Nervous System is composed of?

A

Brain, Spinal cord, and nerves.

242
Q

Bain controls what?

A

the body’s functions.

243
Q

Spinal cord controls what?

A

the central nervous system from the brain to the bottom of the spine.

244
Q

What are Dendrites?

A

protrusions which connect the neuron to other neurons.

245
Q

Electron flow from?

A

Negative to positive

246
Q

What is an Oscillator?

A

Changes from alternating current to high frequency.

247
Q

What is an Inverter?

A

Direct current to alternating current

248
Q

What is a Rectifier?

A

Alternating current to direct current

249
Q
A

IBEC Stateboard practice (1 decks)

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