IB psych studies

Question 1

Passamonti et al., 2012

Answer 1

A: To see what effect reduced serotonin has on the PFC
Experiment: True
M: 30 healthy participants - repeated measures
- They had their levels of serotonin manipulated by either drinking a placebo drink or a drink that reduced their levels of tryptophan
- placed in an fMRI machine and shown a variety of faces
Results: participants who had their serotonin levels deceased had reduced function in their PFC when they were perceiving images of angry faces while in the fMRI. There was also a disruption in communication between the PFC and amygdala.

Question 2

Radke et al., 2015

Answer 2

A: To see how an increase in testosterone may affect the amygdala when people are responding to a threat.
M: 54 healthy female participants revived injections of either testosterone or a placebo before viewing images of angry and happy faces.
- they were told to approach or avoid the face by moving a joystick to make the image bigger or smaller.
Results: testosterone injection increased activity in the amygdala when the participants were approaching the angry face, but not when they were to avoid it

Question 3

Feinstein et al., 2011

Answer 3

A: To see if the amygdala plays a role in the experience of fear
M: SM is a patient with bilateral damage due to a genetic condition which causes her to not feel fear.
- They tried to induce fear by taking her to a pet store, a haunted house, and showed her scary film clips to see if she would be afraid
- They gathered data on her life by using self-reported questionnaires and interviews
R: Showed that none of these experiences caused her to feel afraid, SM’s lack of emotional response to stimuli means she wont release cortisol to facilitate memory of emotional situations

Question 4

Luby et al., 2013

Answer 4

A: To see if poverty was correlated with brain development and to see if there were mediating variables related to stress and parenting that could explain this relationship.
M: 145 children over 10 yr period
- MRIs were used to measure correlations between poverty, stressful life events and parent-child interactions with hippocampal volume
- The researchers gave the children a small gift and told them to wait until their parents were done answering questions in order to measure parent-children interactions

Question 5

Sapolsky et al., 1990

Question 6

Moore et al., 2002

Question 7

Pucilowski et al., 1985

Question 8

Albert et al., 1986

Question 9

Buchanan & Lovallo

Question 10

Cornwell et al., 2004

Question 11

Saxton et al., 2008

Question 12

Meyer-Lindenberg, 2008

Question 13

Caspi et al., 2002

Question 14

Baker et al., 2007

Question 15

Grove et al., 1990

Question 16

Mason, 1994

Question 17

MSM

Question 18

Peterson and Peterson, 1959

Question 19

WMM

Question 19

Milner & Scoville, 1957

Question 20

Glanzer & Cunitz, 1966

Question 21

Robbins et al. 1996

Question 22

Klingberg et al, 2005

Question 23

Cain et al 2016

Question 23

Bransford & Johnson 1972

Question 24

Stone et al, 1972

Question 25

Cohen et al. 1981

Question 26

Kahneman & Tversky 1974

Question 27

Bechara et al. 2000

Question 28

Roth, 1979

Question 29

Loftus & Palmer 1974

Question 30

Shaw & Porter, 2015

Question 31

Loftus & Pickrell

Question 32

Luethi & Sandi, 2009