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IB ITGS > IB ITGS: 3.3 Networks > Flashcards

IB ITGS: 3.3 Networks Flashcards

1
Q

What is a network?

A

Composed of two or more computers connected together. For data exchange.

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2
Q

Advantages of Networks?

A

Easy sharing of data.
Centralised management of software.
Easier system maintenance.

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3
Q

Disadvantages of Networks?

A

Security
Control
Intellectual Property

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4
Q

Client

A

A computer program or computer that requests a service from a server.

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5
Q

Server

A

Central computer that is able to provide various services to connected clients.

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6
Q

What do clients and serves do together?

A

Share data between each other

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7
Q

Different Types of Servers and uses.

A

Mail server - Stores emails until they are retrieved by the user.

Web server - Stores websites to be viewed by the public.

File Server - Stores files to be accessed by authorised users.

Video Server - Stores video files to be viewed by the clients of the LAN. Video servers are sometimes used to make videos available to schools and universities.

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8
Q

What is a host?

A

Any computer connected to a network with its own address. Could either be a client or a server but more commonly are servers.

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9
Q

What is a network topology?

A

Arrangement of the computers on the network

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10
Q

Different types of network topology?

A

Star topology - clients connected to a single server
Ring topology - no single central server
Bus topology - Individual computer are connected to a central cable
Redundant topolgy - One computer is connected to one or more computes.

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11
Q

What are mainframes?

A

Powerful and complex machines used to store and process large quantities of data.

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12
Q

What are supercomputers?

A

Machines optimised for high computation speed.

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13
Q

Grid computation or distributed processing?

A

Decentralised computing

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14
Q

Advantages of centralisation

A

administration of the system

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15
Q

Disadvantages of centralisation

A

due to rapid technology advances, if the whole computer becomes obsolete, then the whole system has to be replaced.

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16
Q

Benefits of grid computation

A

more cost effective than supercomputers.

17
Q

Notable examples in which grid computing is in active use.

A

The projects SETI@home and folding@home.

18
Q

Disadvantages of grid computing

A

Network connect could become bottle-neck and slow down the the whole task.
Not suitable for all types of calculations.
Careful cost benefit analysis must be done before selecting a particular hardware solution.

19
Q

What is the ethernet?

A

One of several ways to connect a computer to the internet. It relies on coper cable for transmitting the data.

20
Q

Client-server networks

A

strongly centralised.

A number of different clients are connect to a central server.

21
Q

Disadvantages of the ethernet?

A

If multiple computers were sending data at the same times this would cause a collision.

22
Q

Peer-to-peer networks

A

HIGHLY decentralised. Each holst connected to the network serves both as a client and a server.

23
Q

Advantages of peer-to-peer networks

A

Simplicity - simple and easy to set up.
No central system admin is needed.
Data sharing - data does not have to go through a central sever to be passed between clients. and automatic backup of data on other computers.

24
Q

Disadvantages of P2P networks?

A

Difficult administration - due to decentralisation

Security - Potential lack of security because other computers can access one’s own machine.

25
Q

Advantages of client-server networks

A

Centralised - a system administrator can central maintain both server and the clients.

Control - as all data must be passed through the main server, the admin can monitor the activities of the individual clients.

26
Q

What is LAN?

A

Local Area Network - Network that extends over a limited geographical area.

Connect several computer is a room or building

27
Q

What is WAN?

A

Wide Area Network - Large geographical area.

Satellites and fibre optic cables are commonly employed here to connect different continents with each other.

28
Q

What is WLAN?

A

Wireless Local Area Network -using radio transmissions and not with cables and wires. The client connects to the network over so called hotspot or access points.

29
Q

What is a virtual LANS?

A

Software solution that divides up a computer network into several subnetworks

30
Q

What is the internet?

A

The internet is a worldwide network of interconnected computers.

The computers use the TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/internet protocol) to communicate with each other.

31
Q

What is WWW.

A

Wold Wide Web - one area of application in which hypertext documents can be sent over the internet.

32
Q

What are Intranets?

A

Networks belonging to one particular organisation. It uses the same technology as the internet but it is not made public.

Used when companies are spread over several different continents.

33
Q

What are extranets?

A

Extensions of Intranets. They allow business partners to access a part of the company’s intranet for the purpose of data exchange.

34
Q

What are VPNs

A

Virtual Private Networks - allows companies to make a part of the internet appear as if it belongs to the company.

35
Q

What are Hubs?

A

One input port and several output ports. The data simply arrives and is copied then distributed to all of it’s output ports.

36
Q

What are switches?

A

After data arrives, it is able to learn which computer the data intended for.

reduces network traffic and increases network speed.

37
Q

What is a router?

A

A router interprets the IP address of the computer and makes are the the data is forwarded to the correct ports.

can be seen as complete computers with their own user interface.

38
Q

Ways to connect to the internet?

A

TV Cable
ADSL (Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line)
Analogue Dial-Up
Glass Fibre/Fibre Optics.

IB ITGS (2 decks)

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