IB History of the Americas Fall Final Flashcards
Wilson’s Post war resolution to remake the work and create the league of nations
14 points
US
GB
FR
Italy
Big 4
Went to Paris Peace Conference with Wilson
Willing to negotiate so he was liked better
Col Edward House
1/18/19
Center of World Government
Idealism vs Realism
Russia and CP not included in 32 nations
Paris Peace Conference
Inspired new nations
Came from 14 points
Self Determination
International peace authority
Cant compel military action
in Geneva, Switz
League of Nations
Reparations - Germany, Russia, A-H, Austria
Germany - lost land, war guilt clause, billions of marks, reduced military and navy
Russia - Lost land and respect
A-H - no longer exsisted
Austria - lost 72% of land
System for international peace through military action
collective security
Germany had to take responsibility for WW1
Article 261
War Guilt Clause
German anger and humiliation
Diktat
Russia lost Finland, Ukraine and Georgia
Required to supply bread to CP
signed by Lenin - Bolsheviks not happy
Treaty of Brest - Listovisk
Soldier revolt communist group Unorganized Led by Lenin Wanted to end War Reds Murdered Royal Family
Bolsheviks
Radicalized by brother’s execution
Exiled during WW1
Lead Bolsheviks
Vladimir Lenin
succeeded Lenin
ruled by terror - purged all opisition
Soseph Stalin
created red army
Leon Trotsky
communist army
red army
last Hapsburg emperor - stepped down
wanted to stop war
Karl 1
pianist/composer
2nd Prime minister of Poland
Jan Pandereweski
Polish Chief of State
“First Marshall”
leader of Poland
Josef Pilsuski
former region of Germany that was given to Poland to have a warm water port
Polish Corridor
1919 - 1921
wanted land and to stop communism
soviets defeated @ Battle of Warsaw
Polish-Soviet War
3/18/21
territorial gains
communism stopped
Treaty of Rigga
Hungarian revolutionary who led Hungarian Soviet Republick in 1919
Bela Kun
brutal peace agreement
ex: Hall of Mirrors
Carthagian Peace
no permanent entanglement with Europe - only congress can declare war
Article X
treaty between Germany and Soviets
reestablished normal relations, released debt
Treaty of Rapallo
1920-1921
alliance with Czech, Romania, Yugoslavia to defend against Hungarian revision and Hapsburg restoration; support form France
Little Entente
belief that every country should be governed by the country to which they’re tied to
Irredentism
a town rich in coal and iron split between Czech and Poland
Teschen
League’s leagal status for certain territories to be transferred
A B C Mandates
Sharif of Mecca
ousted by Ibn Al Saud
Feisal Ibn Hussein
movement of young Turks trying to modernize old empire
Young Turks
10/30/18 war over Constantinople occupied pretty friendly GB didn't want FR to play major role
Armistice of Mudros
Belief Jews should be given their homeland
Zionism
land God gave to the Jews and wanted for Jewish homeland
Palestine
Post war division of Ottoman Empire
FR - Syria and Lebanon
GB - Mesopotamia
Sykes - Picot Agreement
worked with Price Feisal
helped lead Arabian delegation
T.E. Lawrence
“Lawrence of Arabia”
BG supports Zionism created Isreal (homeland)
Balfour Declaration
1919 - investigation of Balfour agreement
Against Zionism
ME needs independence
Favored US role
King Crane Commission
1st president of Turkey
Mustafa Kemal
Ata Turk
most significant Zionist leader
Chaim Weizmann
established Saudi Arabia
ousted Hussein bin Ali
Ibn al Saud
took over Persia (Iran) in 1925
Reza Shah Panlavi
group of 5 treaties
peace to end all peace
Treaty of Versailles
9/10/19 ended A-H Austria and Czech divided territory minimal military unification with Germany
Treaty of St. Germain
6/4/20
Hungary lost 72% of land
minimal military
territory divided with Romania
Treaty of Trianon
11/27/19
Bulgaria lost land and paid reparations
Treaty of Neuilly
8/10/20 FR - Syria and Lebanon GB - Palestine and Mesopotamia Arabia - independent under int'l control Turkey created - De-militarized&reparations Armenia created (no Kurdistan)
Treaty of Sevres
proposed treaty of reservations
more compromise after sickly
moderate
did NOT like Wilson
Henry Cabot Lodge
16 republicans who refused to support the League
Irreconcilables
11/27/21
limited success
Charles Evans Hughes played big role
4/5/9 power treaties
Washington Naval Conference
US, GB, FR, Jap
Mutual consultation if East Crisis arose
4 power treaty
Ship size limits
no base expansion
5-5-3-1-1
5 power treaty
Equal access to China (open door)
Guarantees China’s territory
9 power treaty
German democratic government that faced disorder and revolution
Weimar Republic
Germany army to put down revolutions
Freikorps
destroyed Germany’s economy
high rise in prices
hyper inflation
Ruhr crisis
1/11/23
Franco-Belgian forces occupy German territory
cause - strikes, sabotage, resistance
1st plan for US to help Germany with reparations
Dawes Plan
Blank
Blank
7 treaties
main - to maintain Germany’s boarders and demilitarization of Rhineland
caused increase spirit of peace
Locarno Treaty
wanted to normalize Germany’s relations
Gustav Stresmann
2nd plan to help Germany
Reduced and Rescheduled Reparations
Young Plan
readjust ration at Washington Naval Conference
Japan has more ships - Jap already making more
London Naval Treaty
Japan wanted mainland Asian empire, Japan invaded Manchuria
Manchurian Crisis
all countries have equal access to Chinese trade
Open Door Policy
granting concessions to potential enemies to maintain peace
Appeasement
reported Manchurians didn’t like Chinese influence; supported Japan
Lytton Commission Report
Bento Mussolini invaded land since league didn’t have a collective army
Abyssinian Crisis
