IB Computer science Flashcards
Hardware
Physical parts of a computer. Includes both internal(RAM+motherboard) and external(keyboards+monitors etc.) Internal-components External-peripherals
Peripherals
External device providing input/outputCommunicate with system via device drivers
Network
Multiple devices that can communicate and share resources with one another via a transmission medium2 main networks-LANs and WANs
Software
Computer programs or sets of instructions. Consists of lines of codes that have been compiled into a program
Human resources
Describes both people who work for a company/organisation+dept that manages resources for employeesKnown as end-users and stakeholders
Client(in networks)
Accesses services+resources provided by a server
Server
Provides data to other computers and fulfils a client’s request, Software is specific to type of server,but hardware is not important
Client server model
Each client is connected to a single serverClients request connections to the serversCan be accepted/rejected
Client server model +ves
Centralised management of resources Backups and network security controlled centrally
Client server model -ves
High set up and maintenance costs Single point of failure
DNS server
Translates domain names into IP addresses, so they can be accessed by the userSends corresponding IP address of the needed web server back to the user’s browser
Router
Routes data from a LAN to another network, Receives+forwards data packets, Determines most efficient path for packet
Firewall
Acts as a filter protecting a network from incoming and outgoing traffic. Monitors incoming+outgoing traffic,following set rulesHardware/software
Social issue
Problem that influences a considerable number of individuals Includes crime, health,education,media+propaganda etc.
Ethical issue
Problem or situation that needs person/organization to choose between options which are considered right/wrongExamples include: -Computer crime -Privacy
Social issues in networks
Cyberbullying. Less face-face interaction. Addiction. Hacking
Ethical issues in networks
Cybercrime, Identity theft, Data privacy, Malware attacks
Stakeholder
Person, group or organisation that has an interest/concern in an organisation
Ask yourself… when identifying stakeholders
Who will be affected by new system?Who will new system affect?Who will the end-users be?What are their needs?
Methods of obtaining a client’s requirements
Surveys, Interviews, Direct observation, Collecting documents
Observation
Walk around organisation-watching how things are done
Observation +ves
Information gathered is first-hand + unbiased
Observation -ves
People may act differently than normal when being observed
Interviews
Interview key members within a system-find out how it works