IB CHEM: KINETICS VOCAB Flashcards
Collision Theory
- Two particles must collide
- The collecting particles must have the correct orientations
- The particles must have sufficient knetic energy to initiate the reaction
Activation Energy
The minimum energy that colliding particles need for a reaction to occur
Factors affecting collision Rate
- Concentration/pressure
- Surface area
Factors affecting the required activation energy
- Temperature
- Catalysts
Pressure increases
- Volume decreases
- Then look for side with less mols
Volume increases
- Pressure decreases
- Then look for side with less mols
NO AATT
Concentration/ Pressure
- Increasing the concentration increases the amount of particles, therefore increasing reaction rate
Surface Area
- Increasing the surface area, increases the area for particles to make contact. Therefore increasing the reaction rate
Temperature
- Increasing temp. increases the speed at whoch the particles move, therefore increasing the frquency of effective collisions
- Increases the # of particles with sufficient activation energy
Method for Pressure
Increasing: Shift to side with less mols
Decreasing: Shift to side with More
(Inverse of volume) As P+, V- and vice verse
Method for Volume
Increasing: Shift to side with more mols
Decreasing: Shift to side with less mols
(Inverse of Pressure) As V+, P- and vice verse
Endothermic
- Low to High graph
- Positive temp
- Goes on Left
- Then AATT
Exothermic
- High to low graph
- Negative temp
- Goes on Right
- Then AATT
If Q=Kc
Reaction is at equilibrium
If Q<Kc
- Q -> K is increase
- Reaction will proceed to the right
If Q> Kc
- Q -> K is decrease
- Reaction will proceed to the left
Equation for Kc
Products/Reactants
If Reaction is flipped
1/Kc (Inversed) or Kc^-1
If reaction is multiplied by 2 or 3
Kc^2 or Kc^3
If reaction is halved
Kc^1/2 or sq. rt. ofKc
On Kinetic graph…
Higher temp: lower # of particles. farther right
Lower temp: Higher # of particles. farther Left
Catalysts
- Decreases Activaton Energy required
- Provides an alternate pathway
- Increases the frequency of collisions
- ## Increases the rate of the forward and rev. rxn equally
When asked to sketch a curve of reaction
- If rxn speeds up, slope shuld be steeper and level off quicker
To calculate slope of tangent to the curve
Y-Axis/X-axis at selected time
