IB 4 Rhetoric Vocab Flashcards
Conceit
A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently throughout the work.
Conceptual Metaphor
The concept behind the metaphor actually used in speech or writing.
ie “Knowing is seeing” (knowing isn’t actually seeing)
Rhetorical modes/modes of discourse (4)
Exposition
Argumentation
Description
Narration
Rhetorical mode, Exposition
Purpose: to explain/analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion.
Rhetorical mode, Argumentation
Purpose: to prove the validity of an idea through sound reasoning, discussion, and argument.
Rhetorical mode, Description
Purpose: to recreate, invent, or visually present a noun or action.
Rhetorical mode, Narration
Purpose: to narrate something, useful in putting things in a logical order.
Ecphrasis
Vivid description.
Enargia/hypotyposis
Generic name for the group of figures of speech describing one thing (ie Chronographia)
Chronographia
Vivid representation of a certain recurring time
ie a season
Topographia
Description of a place.
Pragmatographia
Description of an action
Ethopoeia
Extensive description of a character (manners, dispositions, etc.)
Prosopographia
Vivid description of a face
Astrothesia
Description of the stars
Effictio
Description of someone’s body (usually from head to toe)
Icon
Description of the likeness of a person by imagery
Chorographia
Description of a particular nation
Geographia
Description of the earth
Anemographia
Description of the wind
Dendrographia
Description of a tree
Topothesia
Description of an imaginary place
Hydrographia
Description of water
Anacoluthon
Lack of grammatical sequence or symmetry.
Look for: dashes
ie. “Athletes convicted of drug-related crimes–are they to be forgiven with just a slap on the wrist?
Anadiplosis
Repetition of a prominent phrase or the last word (specifically, repetition of a word that ends one clause at the beginning of the next)
Look for: same word right after each other, usually in different sentences.
ie. “The love of wicked men converts to fear / that fear to hate, and hate turns. . . .”
Anaphora
Repetition of a word at the beginning/same place of a clause/phrase.
Look for: the same word in the same place
ie. “we cannot dedicate–we cannot consecrate–we cannot hallow–this ground.”
Anastrophe
Yoda speech–inversion of conventional word order.
Look for: unusual word order.
ie. “Only once you live” vs. You only live once.
Hendiadys
Expressing a single idea by usuing two nouns instead of a noun and its qualifier; a method of amplification that adds force.
Look for: two nouns joined by AND
“Angels and ministers of grace defend us!”
Epexegesis
When one interprets what one has just said–redefinition or self-interpretation.
Look for: redundancy and “that is to say”
ie. “‘I’ve eaten the plums, that is to say, the plums are gone.”
Zeugma
When one part of speech governs other part of a sentence
Look for: one verb describing several nouns
ie. “He carried a strobe light and the responsibility for the lives of his men.”
Dialogismus
Speaking as someone else, often to bring others’ points of view into one’s own speech.
Look for quotes when the person is talking to themselves.
ie. “What they say is… But I say…Opponents of this issue…”
Aporia
Deliberating with oneself as though in doubt over some matter; asking oneself or rhetorically asking one’s hearers what the best way is to approach something.
Look for: questions posed by the author directed at the author.
ie. “Must I then part ways with the only world I know?”
Adynaton
A declaration of impossibility, usually in terms of an exaggerated comparison.
Look for: hyperboles
“Pigs will fly before Gerard Butler will marry me.”
Antanaclasis
The repetition of a word or phrase whose meaning changes in the second instance.
Look for: words with double connotations
“If you aren’t fired with enthusiasm, you will be fired with enthusiasm”
Bomphiologia
Exaggeration done in a self-aggrandizing manner, as a braggart.
Look for: bombastic/self-centered
“Best music this side of Berthoud”
Cataplexis
Threatening or prophesying payback for ill doing.
Look for: Threats and no hope
ie. “What you’ve done today to these innocent people will haunt you tonight. There’s no one to run to, no where to go…”
Diasyrmus
Rejecting an argument through ridiculous comparison.
Look for: Sarcasm/hyperboles
ie. “Asking the government to have better parliamentarians is like asking a dog to quit marking his territory.”
