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BIOLOGY 20 IB: UNIT B > IB > Flashcards

IB Flashcards

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1
Q

Genetic Diversity

A

Amount of variation in inherited trait’s between individuals of the same species

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2
Q

Species Diversity

A

Number of different species

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3
Q

Natural Classification

A

Classification based on evolutionary relationships

Advantages: Identification is easier and can predict characteristics of species within a group (All members of a group evolved from common ancestor)

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4
Q

Artificial Classification

A

Based on non-evolutionary features, does not account for species relatedness

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5
Q

Phylogenetic Classification

A

Classification based on genetic features

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6
Q

Taxonomic System

A

Classification system that infers relationships among organisms (helps identify organisms and recognize similarities between groups of organisms)

D.K.P.C.O.F.G.S

As u go down there are fewer species but more characteristics are shared

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7
Q

Domains: Eukaryota

A

Eukaryotes, uni/multi cellular, sexual reproduction, phenotypes, nutrition is diverse and kingdoms have specializations

80S ribosomes
Histones and Introns

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8
Q

Domain: Eubacteria

A

Prokaryotes, unicellular, no membrane bound nucleus, asexual reproduction, variety of habitats, mixtrophic

70S ribosomes
Histones and Introns

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9
Q

Domain: Archaebacteria

A

Prokaryotes, unicellular, asexual reproduction, chemo/heterotrophs, extreme environments

70S ribosomes
No Histones or introns

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10
Q

Kingdoms: Archaea

A

Unicellular prokaryotes (extreme environments)

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11
Q

Kingdoms: Bacteria

A

Unicellular prokaryotes (variety of environments)

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12
Q

Kingdoms: Protista

A

Uni/multicellular eukaryotes

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13
Q

Kingdoms: Fungi

A

Uni/multicellular eukaryotes that use enzymes to digest food (heterotrophs)

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14
Q

Kingdoms: Plantae

A

Multicellular eukaryotes (photosynthesis)

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15
Q

Kingdoms: Animalia

A

Multicellular eukaryotes (heterotrophs)

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16
Q

Plant Phyla: Bryophyte

A

No “true” roots, stems or leaves, anchored by root like structures (rhizoids), no phloem/xylem (no vasculation), reproduces via spores

17
Q

Plant Phyla: Filicinophyta

A

Has roots, stems and leaves (branch into leaflets), has vasuculation system, reproduces via spores

18
Q

Plant Phyla: Coniferophyta

A

Has root, stems (woody) and leaves (needle like), has vasulation system, reproduces via cones

19
Q

Plant Phyla: Angiospermaphyta

A

Have leaves, roots and stems, variable in structure, have vasculation, reproduction via fruits and flowers

20
Q

Animal Phyla: Porifera

A

Asymmetrical, no mouth/anus, Silca or calcium carbonate based, stationary (sea sponge)

21
Q

Animal Phyla: Cnidaria

A

Radial symmetry (circular), mouth but no anus, may have stinging tentacles, coral secrete calcium carbonate skeleton (coral, jellyfish, anemones)

22
Q

Animal Phyla: Platyhelminthes

A

Bilateral symmetry, mouth but no anus, flat (SA:V ratio high for diffusion), parasitic (Tapeworms)

23
Q

Animal Phyla: Annelida

A

Bilateral symmetry, mouth and anus, ringed segments with parasaltic contractions (leech, earthworms)

24
Q

Animal Phyla: Mollusca

A

Bilateral symmetry, mouth and anus, visceral mass, muscular foot and mantle and diverse in size/anatomy (squid, slugs)

25
Q

Animal Phyla: Anthropoda

A

Bilateral symmetry, separate mouth and anus, jointed body secretions and appendages, exoskeleton, less than 80% of things are anthropoda (spiders)

26
Q

Animal Phyla: Chordata

A

Bilateral symmetry, mouth and anus, nerve tube developed into spine (vertebrae, exceptions are hagfish)

27
Q

Phylogeny

A

History of evolution (cladistics show evolutionary relationships based on common ancestry)

28
Q

Clade

A

Group of organisms that consists of common ancestor and all its descendants

29
Q

Caveats to Using Structural Data

A

Distantly related organisms can show similar features (analogous) due to convergent evolution

Closely related organisms may exhibit distinct features (homologous)

30
Q

Molecular Evidence

A

More reliable then structural evidence to determine phylogenetic relationships

31
Q

Molecular Evidence (Non-Coding DNA, Gene Sequences, Amino Acid Sequences)

A

N.C.D- Mutates fastest and doesn’t impact protein function
G.S- Mutates slowly and alters protein structure
A.A.S- Mutates slow, condon degeneracy

32
Q

Molecular Clock

A

DNA and protein sequences evolve at a rate that is relatively constant over time amount different organisms

33
Q

Mitochondrial DNA

A

Inherited maternally, no meiosis, high mutation rate, ideal for comparison of diverged species

BIOLOGY 20 IB: UNIT B (3 decks)

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