Iatrogenic/Nosocomial/Health-Care Associated Infection & Prevention Flashcards
What percentage of HAIs are preventable? How many infections and deaths each year are due to HAIs?
- 30 - 50%
- 200,000 infections and 7,000 deaths each year
What are three major practices health care workers can use to prevent HAIs?
- hand hygiene, bare-below-the-elbows, and ANTT (aspetic non-touch technique)
Alcohol hand rubs have no activity against _______ and poor activity against ________.
- no activity against spores ( Clostridium difficile)
- poor activity against norovirus
What is the major principle behind ANTT?
- (aspectic non-touch technique)
- that the main infection risk to the patient is the health care professional
ANTT ensures the health care worker maintains a state of aspesis. How does this differ from a sterile state?
- asepsis: free from pathogenic material
- sterile: free from all microorganisms
In ANTT, what is a key-part? What is a key-site?
- key-parts: equipment
- key-sites: the patient
What are the three main types of transmission?
- contact, droplet, and airborne
- droplet = can travel short distance; airborne = can travel long distance
MRO (multi-resistant organism): nmMRSA
- non-multi-resistant Methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus
MRO (multi-resistant organism): mMRSA
- multi-resistant Methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus
MRO (multi-resistant organism): VRE
- vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium
MRO (multi-resistant organism): ESBL
- expanded spectrum beta-lactamase (producing pathogens)
What are the three classification of surgical wounds?
- clean, clean-contaminated, and contaminated
Clean Classification of Surgical Wounds
- no inflammation encountered
- the respiratory, alimentary, and GIT are not entered
- ex) mastectomy, hip replacement
Clean-Contaminated Classification of Surgical Wounds
- GIT, genito-urinary, or respiratory tract is entered, but without significant spillage
- ex) laryngectomy, appendectomy
Contaminated Classification of Surgical Wounds
- system tract is entered with gross spillage
- dealing with anything infected
- ex) large bowel resection
What is a BSI? Which iatrogenic pathogens cause it?
- blood-stream infection
- common iatrogenic pathogens: VRE, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter sp.
PIVC
- peripheral IV canula
- ex) cubittal fossa
CVL
- central venous line/canula
- ex) femoral, jugular
