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Introduction to Anthropology, Psychology, Sociology > iaps > Flashcards

iaps Flashcards

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1
Q

Three social sciences

A

Anthropology, Psychology, Sociology

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2
Q

Define the three social sciences

A

Anthro: study of humans, past/present, origin, physical/behaviour, social/cultural development

Psych: study of mental processes, behaviour and how it influences it

socio: study of how human act and change behaviour based on the groups they are in

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3
Q

social science

A

study of people in different situations, human behaviour based on different factors

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4
Q

quantitative research

A

numbers - graphs/surveys

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5
Q

qualitative research

A

words - interviews

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6
Q

case study

A
  • observation of one or a group over a period of time
  • specific topic of study
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7
Q

experiments

A
  • to determine how one factor is related to another
    study of CAUSE and EFFECT
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8
Q

independent variable

A
  • may be chaneged, controlled (kept the same)
  • CAUSE of behaviour
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9
Q

dependent variable

A
  • affected by the change
  • EFFECT/result the IV has on behaviour
  • measured as the outcome
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10
Q

control group

A
  • participants who are convinced they are receiving treatment, but aren’t
  • measures taken to compare with experimental group
  • baseline for comparison
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11
Q

experimental group

A
  • participants given treatment to be experimented on
  • measures compared to control group to determine if treatment has an effect
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12
Q

experiments

A
  • may not be ethical
  • expensive
  • brutal to test on animals
  • not always able to test with humans
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13
Q

sample surveys

A
  • to gather information on thoughts or behaviour of LARGE GROUP of people
  • asked a limited amount of of people who represent a larger group (draw conclusions accordingly)
  • questionnaire used
  • done anonymosoly
  • ensure a range of different people that represent different aspects are questioned (age, sex, occupation, region, culture, etc)
  • easy to analyze data, answers not in dept
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14
Q

interviews

A
  • used for detailed information
  • a form of a conversation between interviewer and subject
  • may have predetermined questions on the spot
  • easy biased questions
  • small sample size
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15
Q

observation/field research

A
  • help researchers learn about people in normal surroundings
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16
Q

unstructured observation

A
  • observing people without a predetermined idea (no actual purpose)
  • influences new ideas, no hypothesis
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17
Q

structured observation

A
  • planning beforehand
  • knows what to look for
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18
Q

participant observation

A
  • mainly used for anthropologists
  • observes group, also PARTICIPATES in group activity
  • may live with people in different country/culture for short or long period
    -behaviours may change
  • primary experience
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19
Q

culture

A
  • everything that’s LEARNT and SHARED by members of a social group
  • may include behaviour, beliefs, attitudes, values and ideals (standards) of a specific society
20
Q

how do we express our own culture

A
  • music
  • food
  • language
  • clothing
  • beliefs
21
Q

the struggles

A

id, ego, superego

22
Q

freuds theory

A
  • mind divided into two parts: conscious/unconscious mind
  • unconscious mind has more influence than conscious on personalities and behaviour
  • parapraxis (freudian slip) error expressed from unconscious wishes
23
Q

conscious mind

A
  • thing actively being seen, felt and heard
24
Q

unconscious mind

A
  • stores all memories and experiences not being consciously thought about
  • freud believes that the unconscious mind stores all thoughts, memories, feelings that are disturbing or traumatic
25
Q

father of psychoanalysis

A

sigmund freud

26
Q

pleasure principle, the devil

A

id

27
Q

moral center, the angel, last part of mind to develop

A

superego

28
Q

reality, referee, meets needs of id but also takes in consideration the reality of situation

A

ego

29
Q

why is life hard

A
  • freud believes that due to the struggle between conscious and unconscious mind, neuroses (anxieties) are developed
  • anal phase: potty training, introduction of boundaries and rules
30
Q

tip of iceberg, only aware of the top part because of the thoughts and impulses we have in our minds

A

id

31
Q

tip and smallest part (10%) of the iceberg,

A

conscious mind

32
Q

middle of iceberg, information not always thought about but will bring up if you need, birthday, locations

A

preconscious, ordinary memory

33
Q

bottom of iceberg, big part of mind (75-80%).

A

unconscious mind

34
Q

why is unconscious mind so big

A
  • dumping group for all desires, anxieties, urges especially painful ones
  • NOTHING in unconscious mind goes away
  • speaks a different language: dreams
35
Q

first main stage of sleep

A

light sleep where you drift in and can be awakened easily

36
Q

brain starts to produce bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain wave activity

A

stage two of sleep

37
Q

transitional period between light and very deep sleep

A

stage three of sleep

38
Q
  • deep sleep that lasts approx. 30 minutes
  • bed wetting/sleepwalking likely to occur at end of this stage
A

stage four of sleep

39
Q

REM sleep

A
  • most dreaming happens during this stage of sleep
  • characterized by eye movement, increased respiration rate and increased brain activity
40
Q

what does REM mean

A

rapid eye movement

41
Q

what is rem sleep also referred to as

A

paradoxical sleep
- because brain and other body systems become more active, muscles more relaxed

42
Q

sleep cycles

A
  • about 90 minutes
  • 4 stages progressively deeper sleep
  • longer sleep = more sleep is REM sleep
43
Q

dreams

A
  • freud believed that dreams were feelings that we couldn’t express
  • wish fulfilment
44
Q

significance of id, ego and superego to human consciousness

A
  • influences our behaviour/actions
45
Q

how is the conscious and unconscious mind represented by ‘the struggles’

A
  • freud believes our mind is like an iceberg
  • the tip is the conscious mind, middle is preconscious and bottom is unconscious
  • top right part is ego
  • middle left is superego
  • bottom right is id
46
Q

is the id always negative

A
  • depending on the situation, the id is not always necessarily negative.
    -it is known as the pleasure principle (the devil), will just go for it
  • a positive example would be no one deciding and you just go for it, and decide
47
Q

how is conditioning used in society

A
  • you know what classes you gave next
  • when the bell rings, it means class is starting or ending

Introduction to Anthropology, Psychology, Sociology (4 decks)

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