iaps Flashcards
1
Q
Three social sciences
A
Anthropology, Psychology, Sociology
2
Q
Define the three social sciences
A
Anthro: study of humans, past/present, origin, physical/behaviour, social/cultural development
Psych: study of mental processes, behaviour and how it influences it
socio: study of how human act and change behaviour based on the groups they are in
3
Q
social science
A
study of people in different situations, human behaviour based on different factors
4
Q
quantitative research
A
numbers - graphs/surveys
5
Q
qualitative research
A
words - interviews
6
Q
case study
A
- observation of one or a group over a period of time
- specific topic of study
7
Q
experiments
A
- to determine how one factor is related to another
study of CAUSE and EFFECT
8
Q
independent variable
A
- may be chaneged, controlled (kept the same)
- CAUSE of behaviour
9
Q
dependent variable
A
- affected by the change
- EFFECT/result the IV has on behaviour
- measured as the outcome
10
Q
control group
A
- participants who are convinced they are receiving treatment, but aren’t
- measures taken to compare with experimental group
- baseline for comparison
11
Q
experimental group
A
- participants given treatment to be experimented on
- measures compared to control group to determine if treatment has an effect
12
Q
experiments
A
- may not be ethical
- expensive
- brutal to test on animals
- not always able to test with humans
13
Q
sample surveys
A
- to gather information on thoughts or behaviour of LARGE GROUP of people
- asked a limited amount of of people who represent a larger group (draw conclusions accordingly)
- questionnaire used
- done anonymosoly
- ensure a range of different people that represent different aspects are questioned (age, sex, occupation, region, culture, etc)
- easy to analyze data, answers not in dept
14
Q
interviews
A
- used for detailed information
- a form of a conversation between interviewer and subject
- may have predetermined questions on the spot
- easy biased questions
- small sample size
15
Q
observation/field research
A
- help researchers learn about people in normal surroundings
16
Q
unstructured observation
A
- observing people without a predetermined idea (no actual purpose)
- influences new ideas, no hypothesis
17
Q
structured observation
A
- planning beforehand
- knows what to look for
18
Q
participant observation
A
- mainly used for anthropologists
- observes group, also PARTICIPATES in group activity
- may live with people in different country/culture for short or long period
-behaviours may change - primary experience
19
Q
culture
A
- everything that’s LEARNT and SHARED by members of a social group
- may include behaviour, beliefs, attitudes, values and ideals (standards) of a specific society
20
Q
how do we express our own culture
A
- music
- food
- language
- clothing
- beliefs
21
Q
the struggles
A
id, ego, superego
22
Q
freuds theory
A
- mind divided into two parts: conscious/unconscious mind
- unconscious mind has more influence than conscious on personalities and behaviour
- parapraxis (freudian slip) error expressed from unconscious wishes
23
Q
conscious mind
A
- thing actively being seen, felt and heard
24
Q
unconscious mind
A
- stores all memories and experiences not being consciously thought about
- freud believes that the unconscious mind stores all thoughts, memories, feelings that are disturbing or traumatic
25
father of psychoanalysis
sigmund freud
26
pleasure principle, the devil
id
27
moral center, the angel, last part of mind to develop
superego
28
reality, referee, meets needs of id but also takes in consideration the reality of situation
ego
29
why is life hard
- freud believes that due to the struggle between conscious and unconscious mind, neuroses (anxieties) are developed
- anal phase: potty training, introduction of boundaries and rules
30
tip of iceberg, only aware of the top part because of the thoughts and impulses we have in our minds
id
31
tip and smallest part (10%) of the iceberg,
conscious mind
32
middle of iceberg, information not always thought about but will bring up if you need, birthday, locations
preconscious, ordinary memory
33
bottom of iceberg, big part of mind (75-80%).
unconscious mind
34
why is unconscious mind so big
- dumping group for all desires, anxieties, urges especially painful ones
- NOTHING in unconscious mind goes away
- speaks a different language: dreams
35
first main stage of sleep
light sleep where you drift in and can be awakened easily
36
brain starts to produce bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain wave activity
stage two of sleep
37
transitional period between light and very deep sleep
stage three of sleep
38
- deep sleep that lasts approx. 30 minutes
- bed wetting/sleepwalking likely to occur at end of this stage
stage four of sleep
39
REM sleep
- most dreaming happens during this stage of sleep
- characterized by eye movement, increased respiration rate and increased brain activity
40
what does REM mean
rapid eye movement
41
what is rem sleep also referred to as
paradoxical sleep
- because brain and other body systems become more active, muscles more relaxed
42
sleep cycles
- about 90 minutes
- 4 stages progressively deeper sleep
- longer sleep = more sleep is REM sleep
43
dreams
- freud believed that dreams were feelings that we couldn't express
- wish fulfilment
44
significance of id, ego and superego to human consciousness
- influences our behaviour/actions
45
how is the conscious and unconscious mind represented by 'the struggles'
- freud believes our mind is like an iceberg
- the tip is the conscious mind, middle is preconscious and bottom is unconscious
- top right part is ego
- middle left is superego
- bottom right is id
46
is the id always negative
- depending on the situation, the id is not always necessarily negative.
-it is known as the pleasure principle (the devil), will just go for it
- a positive example would be no one deciding and you just go for it, and decide
47
how is conditioning used in society
- you know what classes you gave next
- when the bell rings, it means class is starting or ending
