IandT 3 Part 1 Flashcards
What purpose did Sonata form provide for music?
Allowed instrumental music to be emancipated from religious setting or social setting (eg dancing)
What did Haydn introduce as part of the texture in a quartet?
All instruments taking part equally: fusion of counterpoint and melody and accompaniment.
How was Haydn’t ‘the Joke’ string quartet published?
Subscription: allowed a composer to get very rich but required a huge down payment
What was new about the circulation of music?
No direct contact with the composer but still associated with Haydn so still marketed.
Outline Rosen’s ideas about the Classical period
Viennese Classical Style, Mainly Haydn and Mozart c.1780, Autonomous instrumental music, Sonata Form (harmonic process rather than thematic), Motivic development, Fusion of counterpoint and Melody dominated homophony, No external influence on the music (absolute music)
Outline Rosen’s ideas about the Romantic period
View is opposite to classical style, Allied with other arts again, Individual techniques and goals, Song forms used in instrumental music, idea of fragments rather than unity, ‘Bel Canto’ (Long cantabile lines with rubato), Baroque ‘archaic-ness’ (eg counterpoint and inner voices)
Problems with Rosen’s ideas
Argues that Classical music requires no background (How can this be true? eg false recapitulation would have to know the convention to understand it), Mozart and Haydn considered bold experimentalists so disagrees with ‘classical’ title, Were they really only mature from 1780? (eg Haydn’s symphony no.45 1772)
What is a singspiel?
A comic Opera with dialogue in German
What were the Josephine reforms during Mozart’s life?
National language to German from Latin, Diminished religious influences on the state, Abolished slavery, Stated that everyone is equal before the law no matter social status.
Describe the ‘Enlightenment’ themes in Mozart
(Based on Nicholas Till’s ideas) Critique of aristocratic sexual privilege (Figaro and Don Giovanni) symbolizing inequality and tyranny, Secular knowledge of human behavior (Cosi fan tutte), Musical styles more distributed (slaves can have grand melodies), Sympathetic understanding of others, Idealistic ideas of compassion/ reform/ progress, Sensibility
Name two Mozart works that disagree with the idea of enlightnement
- Queen of the night: shows negative impulses 2. Opening to String quartet ‘the dissonance’.
How does Mozart imitate Janissary music in ‘The Abduction’?
Off Kilter start on Bass drum, Cymbals and triangle, ‘wrong’ chord for tonality, Lydian feel, syncopation but 2/4 march feel, lots of repetition (harsh/barbaric/ primitive feel)
Name the characteristics of Beethoven
Composer as sole creator, performance must be true to composers intentions, entity that exists outside any one performance or score, intellectual contemplation/ or interpretive activity, Originality/ innovation, Organicism through thematic/ motivic variation
Explain the Conditions for the Beethoven paradigm
Notion of ‘serious’ music, Aesthetics of the sublime, ‘Genius’ (associated with originality), immaterial/ numinous (idea that it could reach the spirit world)
Name characteristics of Rossini’s music.
‘Moments of performance’ (no idea form), Score continually adapted, ‘bel canto’ (singer/ voice is the music), Original but not overly complex for of arias, contrastive continuity, ‘Rossini Crescendo’.
