IACP Definitions

Question 1

The common tendency for the actor in a particular situation to blame external factors for his or her unsuccessful behavior while, concurrently, an observer tends to blame internal factors for the same behavior.

Answer 1

ACTOR/ OBSERVER BIAS

Question 2

The leader’s tendency to be less likely to punish the follower who says he or she is sorry for his or her behavior.

Answer 2

APOLOGY EFFECT

Question 3

The process of making inferences and judgments about the cause of people’s behavior.

Answer 3

ATTRIBUTION

Question 4

The process of making an attribution based on how other people perform a specific task.

Answer 4

CONSENSUS

Question 5

The process of making an attribution based on how a person performed the same task on other occasions.

Answer 5

CONSISTENCY

Question 6

The process of making an attribution about a person based on how well (or poorly) he or she does on a variety of different tasks.

Answer 6

DISTINCTIVENESS

Question 7

The process of assigning blame or credit for a person’s behavior (including one’s own behavior) to external factors beyond the person’s control.

Answer 7

EXTERNAL ATTRIBUTION

Question 8

The tendency to overvalue internal factors in explaining someone’s behavior, while undervaluing external factors.

Answer 8

FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR:

Question 9

The process of assigning blame or credit for a person’s behavior (including one’s own behavior) to that person’s abilities or lack of abilities.

Answer 9

INTERNAL ATTRIBUTION

Question 10

The tendency for a leader to punish a follower more severely if the follower’s behavior has negative consequences.

Answer 10

NEGATIVE OUTCOME BIAS