IA:: Unit 1 Vocabulary

Question 1

Astrolabe

Answer 1

is an astronomical instrument used from around the 6th century to measure time and position by determining the altitude of heavenly bodies like the Sun and certain stars.

Question 1

Assembly Line

Answer 1

is a production system that allows for efficient and standardized manufacturing processes.

Question 2

Agrarianism

Answer 2

is a social philosophy which considers the agrarian way of life to be superior to the industrial way of life. It stresses the superiority of simple rural life over the complexity and chaos of urban industrial life.

Question 3

Capitalism

Answer 3

is an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market.

Question 4

Age of enlightenment

Answer 4

a European intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries in which ideas concerning God, reason, nature, and humanity were synthesized into a worldview that gained wide assent in the West and that instigated revolutionary developments in art, philosophy, and politics.

Question 5

Domestic/Public Spheres

Answer 5

are associated with privacy, family, intimacy and self-expression. Domestic life takes place away from the public gaze but is nevertheless associated with public issues of gender, work, and safety. The history of domestic life reveals that a variety of social and economic forces have prompted significant change over time in what home life involves and the types of people who participate in it.

Question 6

Free Market

Answer 6

an economy operating by free competition.

Question 7

Industrialization

Answer 7

the widespread development of industries in a region, country, culture, etc

Question 8

Lateen sail

Answer 8

triangular sail that was of decisive importance to medieval navigation.

Question 9

Liberalism

Answer 9

is a political doctrine that takes protecting and enhancing the freedom of the individual to be the central problem of politics. Liberals typically believe that government is necessary to protect individuals from being harmed by others, but they also recognize that government itself can pose a threat to liberty.

Question 10

Manufactured goods

Answer 10

refers to any item that is produced or fabricated through a manufactured process. These products are made using either manual labor, machines or automation tools.

Question 11

Marxism

Answer 11

is the political, economic, and social principles and policies advocated by Marx.

Question 12

Raw Material

Answer 12

crude or processed material that can be converted by manufacture, processing, or combination into a new and useful product.

Question 13

Republicanism

Answer 13

adherence to or sympathy for a republican form of government.

Question 14

Scientific Revolution

Answer 14

drastic change in scientific thought that took place during the 16th and 17th centuries. A new view of nature emerged during the Scientific Revolution, replacing the Greek view that had dominated science for almost 2,000 years.

Question 15

Social Contract

Answer 15

is an actual or hypothetical agreement among the members of an organized society or between a community and its ruler that defines and limits the rights and duties of each.

Question 16

Urban society

Answer 16

is a society that is typical of modern industrial civilization and heterogeneous in cultural tradition, that emphasizes secular values, and that is individualized rather than integrated.