I want to remember Flashcards

1
Q

3 main classes of eicosanoids

A
  • Prostaglandins
  • Leukotrines
  • Tromboxanes
    Local hormones, produced directly where they act.
    They are formed from membrane lipids (arachindonic acid)
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2
Q

Serotonin syndrome symptoms

A
  • Hyperthermia
  • Muscles rigidity
  • Sweating
  • Myoclonus
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3
Q

VGM augmenté

A

Alcool, carence en folate ou en B12,hypothyroidie, hyper réticulocytose
Metotrexate

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4
Q

Anello di Waldeyer

A
  • tonsille palatine, in numero di due (nel linguaggio comune, quando si parla genericamente di tonsille si intendono le tonsille palatine);
  • tonsilla (rino)faringea (nel linguaggio comune, viene spesso chiamata adenoide, e quando appare infiammata, quindi ingrossata, si parla di adenoidi);
  • tonsilla linguale
  • tonsille tubariche del rinofaringe sono situate sul contorno della cartilagine del tubo uditivo, cioè lo sbocco delle trombe di Eustachio nel lume faringeo
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5
Q

Lifespan of RBCs, platelets and neutrophils

A
  • RBCs: 120 days
  • Platelets: 7 days
  • Neutrophils: 5 days
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6
Q

Loperamide (Imodium)

A

Antidiarrhéique, ralentisseur du transit intestinal.

Il permet de combattre la diarrhée en réduisant les contractions de l’intestin. Il est déconseillé si la diarrhée s’accompagne de fièvre, de douleurs abdominales ou de sang dans les selles. Il devrait être réservé aux situations « de crise » (avion ou bus à prendre, réunions importantes, examen, etc.) car il peut entraîner des constipations secondaires parfois plus gênantes que la diarrhée elle-même voire, dans certains cas rares, des complications graves.

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7
Q

Racécadotril (Tiorfan)

A

Antidiarrhéique, antisécrétoire intestinal.

  • Diminue l’hypersécrétion d’eau et d’électrolytes dans l’intestin. Il a une efficacité prouvée et un intérêt dans le cas de diarrhées très liquides.
  • Déconseillé chez les patients traités par un antihypertenseur de la famille des inhibiteurs de l’enzyme de conversion, car leur association augmente le risque d’œdème de Quincke.
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8
Q

Diosmectite (Smecta)

A

Pansement digestif contenant de l’argile.

  • Tapisse la muqueuse intestinale et adsorbe les gaz.
  • Indiquée dans le traitement d’appoint des diarrhées aiguës et chroniques de l’adulte.
  • Ne réduit pas le risque de déshydratation.
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9
Q

Denosumab

A

(Prolia, Xgeva)
- antiresorptive RANK Ligand inhibitor, inhibiting osteoclast formation, function, and survival
(mediator of osteoclast activity, increased RANK Ligand may lead to increased bone loss)
- Contraindications: hypocalcemia, pregnancy
- Possible complication: Osteonecrosis of the Jaw -> oral examination prior to ttt

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10
Q

Glasgow coma scale

A
  • Eyes (4): 4 spontaneous, 3 to sound, 2 to pressure, 1 none
  • Verbal (5): 5 orientated, 4 confused, 3 words, 2 sounds, 1 none
  • Motor (6): 6 obeys commands, 5 localising, 4 normal flexion, 3 abnormal flexion, 2 extension, 1 none
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11
Q

Virchow’s triad

A
  • Abnormal blood flow
  • Hypercoagulability
  • Abnormal vessel wall
  • > promote thrombus formation
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12
Q

Muscoli della cuffia dei rotatori

A
  • Sovraspinato
  • Sottospinato o infraspinato
  • Sottoscapolare
  • Piccolo rotondo
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13
Q

Giant cell arteritis

A

= Horton’s arteritis

  • Large- medium vessels: commonly temporal and ophtalmic arteries
  • T-cell mediated response against endothelial antigen
  • > 50 years of age
  • Medical emergency
  • Abupt onset -> facial pain headache, diplopia, loss of vision +/- fever and malaise
  • Responds to sterois or anti-TNF
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14
Q

Takayasu arteritis

A
  • Granulomatous vasculitis of large vessel (aorta++)
  • onset < 50 years
  • Initial syp non specific, them vascular syp (reduced BP –> weak pulses, ocular disturbances, neurological deficits, claudication, PH, MI, HTN secondary to stenosis of the renal artery)
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15
Q

Score di Alvaredo

A

Serve a stabilire la probabilità clinica di diagnosi appendicite acuta

Criteri
>sintomi
- Dolore migrante in FID
- Anoressia
- Nausea e vomito
>segni
- Dolore alla palpazione in FID (2 punti)
- Manovra di Blumberg positiva
- Febbre
>lab
- Leucocitosi (2 punti)
- Neutrofilia
  • 1-3 punti: dx improbabile, ttt conservativo
  • 4-6 punti: dx possibile, pz sotto osservazione
  • 7-10 punti: dx molto probabile o certa, intervento chirurgica
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16
Q

Anello di Kayder-Fleischer

A

Si forma per il deposito di rame a livello della membrana di Descemet nella cornea ed è un segno della malattia di Wilson visibile mediante lampada a fessura.

17
Q

Malattia di Wilson

A

Diminuiscono:

  • Rame sierico totale
  • Ceruplasmina sierica

Aumentano:

  • Escrezione urinaria di rame
  • Rame negli epatociti

Per la diagnosi:

  • Anelli di Kayser-Fleisher
  • Anemia emolitica Coombs negativa
  • Lesione del nucleo lenticolare per accumulo di rame
18
Q

Sindrome di Alport

A

Malattia X-linked o AR per mutazione del collagene di tipo IV -> causa alterazioni a livello della membrana basale del glomerulo

Manifestazioni:

  • Syd nefritica
  • Sordità neurosensoriale
  • Anomalie oculari (cataratta, retinopatia, lenticono anteriore)

–> porta a un’insufficienza renale a 25-30 anni e la terapia è uguale all’IRC (fino al trapianto)

19
Q

La sindrome di Wolff Parkinson White

A

Tachicardia sopraventricolare dovuta alla preenza di fasci AV accessori

Criteri diagnostici:

  • PR < 120ms
  • QRS > 120ms
  • Presenza di onde delta (pre-eccitazione ventricolare)
20
Q

Ittero neonatale: fisiologico vs patologico

A

Fisiologico:

  • < 15 mg/dL
  • Aumento < 5 mg/dL/die
  • Solo bilirubina indiretta
  • Compare dopo 24-48H
  • Scomparsa entro 1-2 settimana

Patologico:

  • > 15 mg/dL
  • Aumento > 5mg/dL/die
  • Bilirubina diretta o indiretta
  • Compare prima di 24 H
  • Scomparsa dopo più di 1-2 settimane
21
Q

Thromboticthrombocytopenic purpura

A

TTP is athrombotic microangiopathy, a condition in which microthrombi, consisting primarily ofplatelets, form and occlude themicrovasculature(i.e., thearteriolesandcapillaries). The other mainthrombotic microangiopathyishemolytic uremic syndrome(HUS). TTP occurs primarily in adults and is typically due to acquiredautoantibodiesagainst aproteolytic enzymethat cleavesvon Willebrand factor(vWF). It is a clinical diagnosis based on the following pentad of findings:fever, neurological abnormalities,thrombocytopenia,microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and impaired renal function. If TTP is strongly suspected and initial laboratory tests support the diagnosis, treatment should begin immediately, as the condition may be fatal if left untreated.First-linetreatment isplasma exchange therapy.

22
Q

qSOFA score

A
  • RR > 22 bpm
  • SBP < o = to 100 mmHg
  • Altered mental status