I & S Topic List Flashcards
Demographics
Dealing with statistics, studies socioeconomic characteristics (age, income, occupation, marital status, religion, etc.). The population’s characteristics are used for economic market research* and policy development, among others.
*Think rich man poor woman (collection of information for the database). Defined as the assessment of the viability of a service by interacting directly with consumer to distinguish target audience, record opinions, and input regarding interest.
Human movement
Translocation (movement from one place to another) of humans, ideas and goods (includes population emigration, immigration and distribution).
Human trade
-exchange of ideas among humanity
-unification and prosperity
This movement can be voluntary[acting on free will] or involuntary (slave trade, ethnic cleansing and human trafficking)
human trafficking (practice of illegally transporting people from one place to another for [typically] forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation):
After the Great Famine in 1990, there was a mass exodus to China to escape slave conditions, however the escape wasn’t so promising (many women were trafficked and sold as brides to husbands or forced into prostitution). Kim Jong un is also shipping thousands of poor Koreans to work in Russia (under slave conditions) and taking 90% pf their wages to fuel the economy.
Settlement
Colony - uninhabited land, people build community.
Where ppl live (populated area) *key concept of change
Urban morphology
study of the process of transformation and formation in human settlements (urbanization/urban growth)
Superpowers
Defined as a state (with a dominant position) that is able to hold influence and project power on a global scale. A fundamental similarity is that the seven dimensions of state power (geography, population, economy, resources, military, diplomacy and national identity). A nation is able to exert dominance through economic, military, cultural, technological and diplomatic and soft power (attract and co-opt.)
Example of a superpower (Ancient Egypt)
An oasis in the desert of northeastern Africa. Their dominance was asserted through more than determination and brute force it was contributed to by their abundance of natural resources which led to their wealth and sophistication (salt, sandstone, limestone, flax, palm trees, reeds, mud, and papyrus). One of the most vital natural resources was gold which allowed Egypt to obtain superpower status (making them respected by both friend and foe).
The Nile river is viewed as central to the development of the Egyptian civilization as it connected Egypt’s provincial centers to Thebes (capital) allowing Egypt to function as an integrated kingdom; also giving Egypt the name “the gift of the Nile.”
Cold War
a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states)
and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).
Warfare
Engagement in the activities involved in war/conflict.
Change
Conversion, movement or transition from one state or form to another (universal and inevitable). Inquiry into the concept of change involves understanding and evaluating causes, processes and consequences.
Allows examination of the forces that shape the world: past, present and future. The causes and effects of change can be natural and artificial; intentional and unintentional; positive, negative or neutral. The subject group explores the role of individuals and societies in shaping change
Global interactions
connections among individuals and communities likewise their link with the natural world, from the global perspective.
Focuses on the interdependence of the larger human community, including the many ways that people come into conflict with and cooperate with each other, and live together in a highly interconnected world to share finite resources.
Time, place and space
The intrinsically linked concept of time, space and place refers to the absolute or relative position of people, objects and ideas. Time, place and space focuses on how we construct and use our understanding of location (“where” and “when”).
Systems
sets of interacting or interdependent components. Systems provide structure and order in human, natural and built environments. Systems can be static or dynamic, simple or complex.
Causality
Causality is the relationship between cause and effect and the internal and external factors that influence this relationship. Renaissance cause: Guttenburg's invention of printing press Effect: liberal arts education, resisting Catholic Church world view Short term (immediate) and long term The problem of “multiple causality” has also been central to historiography (doing history).
Cooperation
Cooperation is the action of individuals/societies working together towards the same end.
Example: NATO, UN
determine the positive, negative, short- term, and long-term factors that define/derive a historical event or process; can be a catalyst for change or continuity.
Identity
Identity is the combination of the values, beliefs and experiences that define who we are, our perspectives and how we behave as individuals, communities, societies and cultures. Identity shapes historical interpretations. Identity is shaped by external and internal influences and it is relational (the notion of “we” as opposed to “them”). How both individual and group perceptions of the self, form, evolve and are expressed. From a historical perspective, identity can be examined as a cause or consequence of an event, idea or process. Additionally, the notion of citizenship appears as a politically and historically relevant form of identification on the part of peoples.
