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I&P > I&P term 1 > Flashcards

I&P term 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is emerging adulthood?

A

18-25
Transition from adolescence to adult

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2
Q

What is attachment theory?

A

Early life experiences strongly influence later adult functioning and vulnerability to psychopathology

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3
Q

What does secure attachment do?

A

Positive internal working models
Emotion regulation ability

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4
Q

What are positive internal working models?

A
  • Childs self view
  • self in relation to others
  • social competence, esp peers
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5
Q

What are emotion regulation ability?

A
  • Expression & recognition skills
  • avoiding anxiety, dealing with stress
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6
Q

Practical consequences of insecure attachments

A

Separation during childhood
- hospital care of children
- parental divorce or bereavement
Lack of early secure attachment
- adult relationships
- psychological health

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7
Q

Stages in attachment development

A

0-2 months= pre attachment
2-7 months= attachment in the making
7-24 months= clear cut attachment
24 months+= goal corrected partnership

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8
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

10 months

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9
Q

Separation distress

A

12 months

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10
Q

Secure attachment

A

child stays quite close to mum, upset by her leaving, greets positively

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11
Q

Insecure (avoidant) attachment

A

avoids contact with mum on reunion, okay when left with stranger

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12
Q

Insecure (resistant) attachment

A

very upset by mum leaving, on return difficult to console both seeks comfort and resists

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13
Q

Attachment status can change

A
  • Infant attachment initiates pathways of development e.g. peer relationships
  • Attachments to others
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14
Q

Sex

A

a persons biological status
male/ female

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15
Q

gender

A

learned or cultural status
masculine/ feminine

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16
Q

Bigender

A

a person who fluctuates between traditionally male and female gender based behaviours and identities

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17
Q

Cisgender

A

A person whose gender identity and biological sex assignment at birth are the same

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18
Q

Gender expression

A

The external display of one’s gender

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19
Q

Gender fluid

A

A mix of boy and girl, someone who is gender fluid may always feel like a mix of two

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20
Q

Genderqueer

A

A gender identity label often used by people who do not identify with being a man or a woman

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21
Q

Intersex

A

A person born with a reproductive or sexual anatomy that doesn’t seem to fit the typical definitions of female or male

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22
Q

Gender Variant

A

Someone who either by nature or by choice does not conform to gender based expectations of society

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23
Q

Mx

A

Title that is gender neutral

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24
Q

Third gender

A

A term for a person who does not identify with either man or woman but identifies with another gender

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25
Q

Transgender

A

A person who lives as a member of a gender other than that expected based on sex assigned at birth

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26
Q

Influence of rearing on gender

A
  • Prenatal hormones, development of male or female genitalia
  • parents assign as male or female, & raise accordingly= gender identity
27
Q

Parental influence on gender identity

A
  • as role models
  • through child- parent interactions
  • gender appropriate toys and activities
28
Q

Social learning theory

A
  • Rewards for masculine behaviour and punishment for feminine behaviour
  • Imitating males= male gender identity
29
Q

Cognitive developmental theory

A

male gender identity— masculine behaviour

30
Q

Acquiring concept of gender

A

gender identity= 2-3
gender stability= 4
gender constancy= 4-5 years

31
Q

Gender and cognitive abilities

A

NO differences

32
Q

Gender differences in psychological health

A
  • Substance dependency
  • Depression
  • Eating disorders
33
Q

Piaget’s stages

A
  1. Sensorimotor (birth-2 yrs)
  2. Pre- operational (2-7 yrs)
  3. Concrete operational (7-11 yrs)
  4. Formal operational (11+ yrs)
34
Q

schemas

A

theories about how the physical and social world operates

35
Q

assimilation

A

understanding a new object

36
Q

accommodation (in relation to schema)

A

modifying a schema

37
Q

centration

A

thinking about one idea at a time to the exclusion of others
(egocentrism)

38
Q

Concrete operational

A

thinking in relation to things that are real or imaginable

39
Q

formal operational thinking

A

thinking about abstract ideas, the possible, meta- cognition

40
Q

The intelligence quotient (IQ)

A

Calculated from tables of standardised age scores

41
Q

Uses and limitations of IQ tests

A
  1. identifying educational needs
  2. assessment following neurological trauma, learning disability, cognitive impairment
  3. predicting school performance and job success
    BUT
    4 Is IQ stable
  4. does not measure underlying competence in world skills
42
Q

Cerebral lateralisation

A
  • Language abilities
  • Split brain patients
  • asymmetry of function
43
Q

Left hemisphere (hemispheric asymmetry)

A
  • complex language functions
  • complex logical activities
  • mathematical computations
44
Q

Right hemisphere (hemispheric asymmetry)

A
  • Simple language functions
  • Spatial pattern abilities
  • emotional recognition
45
Q

A proficient user of language has knowledge of…

A
  • phonology
  • semantics
  • syntax
  • pragmatics
46
Q

Phonology

A

Sound system
- Phonemes, limited set
- group characteristics of each language
Combination rules for meaningful speech

47
Q

Semantics

A

Expressed meaning of words and sentences
- Morphemes (prefix/ suffixes, small words)
- Smallest linguistic units that carry meaning

48
Q

Syntax

A

Form or structure of a language (combination rules for meaningful sentences)

49
Q

Pragmatics

A

Rules about language in social contexts

50
Q

Different modes of thought

A

Propositional= verbal language
Imaginal= visual imagery

51
Q
A
52
Q

Developmental language disorders

A

Very common- 2 in every 30 children primary school class

53
Q

Expressive aphasia

A
  • Damage to broca’s area
  • Speech: halting, hesitant, difficulty finding words
  • Comprehension: largely unimpaired
54
Q

Receptive aphasia

A
  • Damage to wernicke’s area
    Speech: fluent, grammatical, no content, nonsense
    Comprehension: seriously impaired
55
Q

Childrens human rights

A
  • 40 specific rights
56
Q

Parental responsibilities in the UK

A
  • mother has responsibility from birth
  • father only has responsibility if married at childs birth
57
Q

3 styles of parenting (Baumrind)

A
  • Authoritarian
  • Authoritative
  • Permissive
58
Q

Reasonable chastisement

A

Current english law= parents have the right to make choices about reasonable punishments

59
Q

5 guidelines for parents

A
  • Be united
  • Be clear
  • Be consistent
  • Be flexible
  • Be loving
60
Q

What is perception?

A
  • more than sensory discrimination
  • organisation and interpretation
  • active process
61
Q

What is visual perception

A
  • Adaption of effects
  • Depth perception
62
Q

Bottom up processing

A
  • Sensory driven
  • Processes that organise incoming information
63
Q

Top down processing

A
  • Driven by knowledge, experience and expectations
  • Determine perception in ambiguous settings
64
Q

The context of madness

A
  • Rosenhan (1973)- being sane in insane places
  • 8 pseudopatients

I&P (1 decks)

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